ult. Morand quotes a case of
congenital malformation of the nymphae, to which he attributed
impotency.

There is sometimes coalition of the labia and nymphae, which may be so
firm and extensive as to obliterate the vulva. Debout has reported a
case of absence of the vulva in a woman of twenty upon whom he
operated, which was the result of the fusion of the labia minora, and
this with an enlarged clitoris gave the external appearance of an
hermaphrodite.

The absence of the clitoris coincides with epispadias in the male, and
in atrophy of the vulva it is common to find the clitoris rudimentary;
but a more frequent anomaly is hypertrophy of the clitoris.

Among the older authorities quoting instances of enlarged clitorides
are Bartholinus, Schenck, Hellwig, Rhodius, Riolanus, and Zacchias.
Albucasis describes an operation for enlarged clitoris, Chabert ligated
one, and Riedlin gives an instance of an enlarged clitoris, in which
there appeared a tumor synchronous with the menstrual epoch.

We learn from the classics that there were certain females inhabiting
the borders of the Aegean Sea who had a sentimental attachment for one
another which was called "Lesbian love," and which carried them to the
highest degree of frenzy. The immortal effusions of Sappho contain
references to this passion. The solution of this peculiar ardor is
found in the fact that some of the females had enlarged clitorides,
strong voices, robust figures, and imitated men. Their manner was
imperative and authoritative to their sex, who worshiped them with
perverted devotion. We find in Martial mention of this perverted love,
and in the time of the dissolute Greeks and Romans ridiculous
jealousies for unfaithfulness between these women prevailed. Aetius
said that the Egyptians practiced amputation of the clitoris, so that
enlargement of this organ must have been a common vice of conformation
along the Nile. It was also said that the Egyptian women practiced
circumcision on their females at the age of seven or eight, the time
chosen being when the Nile was in flood. Bertherand cites examples of
enlarged clitorides in Arab women; Bruce testifies to this circumstance
in Abyssinia, and Mungo Park has observed it in the Mandingos and the
Ibbos.

Sonnini says that the women of Egypt had a natural excrescence, fleshy
in consistency, quite thick and pendulous, coming from the skin of the
mons veneris. Sonnini says that in a girl of eight he saw one of t