tions a case of
deficient urethra. In the Ephemerides there is an account of a man who
had a constant flow of semen from an abnormal opening in the abdomen.
La Peyroma describes a case of impotence due to ejaculation of the
spermatic ducts into the bladder instead of into the urethra, but
remarks that there was a cicatrix of a wound of the neighboring parts.
There are a number of instances in which the urethra has terminated in
the rectum. Congenital dilatation of the urethral canal is very rare,
and generally accompanied by other malformation.

Duplication of the urethra or the existence of two permeable canals is
not accepted by all the authors, some of whom contend that one of the
canals either terminates in a culdesac or is not separate in itself.
Verneuil has published an article clearly exposing a number of cases,
showing that it is possible for the urethra to have two or more canals
which are distinct and have separate functions. Fabricius Hildanus
speaks of a double aperture to the urethra; Marcellus Donatus describes
duplicity of the urethra, one of the apertures being in the testicle;
and there is another case on record in which there was a urethral
aperture in the groin. A case of double urethra in a man of twenty-five
living in Styria who was under treatment for gonorrhea is described,
the supernumerary urethra opening above the natural one and receiving a
sound to the depth of 17 cm. There was purulent gonorrhea in both
urethrae. Vesalius has an account of a double urethral aperture, one of
which was supposed to give spermatic fluid and the other urine.
Borellus, Testa, and Cruveilhier have reported similar instances.
Instances of double penis have been discussed under the head of
diphallic terata, page 194.

Hypospadias and epispadias are names given to malformations of the
urethra in which the wall of the canal is deficient either above or
below. These anomalies are particularly interesting, as they are nearly
always found in male hermaphrodites, the fissure giving the appearance
of a vulva, as the scrotum is sometimes included, and even the perineum
may be fissured in continuity with the other parts, thus exaggerating
the deception. There seems to be an element of heredity in this
malformation, and this allegation is exemplified by Sedgwick, who
quotes a case from Heuremann in which a family of females had for
generations given birth to males with hypospadias. Belloc mentions a
man whose urethra termi