ous axis covered with connective or adipose
tissue and skin bearing fine hairs; sometimes both cartilage and fat
are absent. They are often associated with some form of defective
audition--harelip, ocular disturbance, club-feet, congenital hernia,
etc. These supernumerary members vary from one to five in number and
are sometimes hereditary. Reverdin describes a man having a
supernumerary nipple on the right side of his chest, of whose five
children three had preauricular appendages. Figure 104 represents a
girl with a supernumerary auricle in the neck, described in the Lancet,
1888. A little girl under Birkett's care in Guy's Hospital more than
answered to Macbeth's requisition, "Had I three ears I'd hear thee!"
since she possessed two superfluous ones at the sides of the neck,
somewhat lower than the angle of the jaw, which were well developed as
to their external contour and made up of fibrocartilage. There is
mentioned the case of a boy of six months on the left side of whose
neck, over the middle anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
muscle, was a nipple-like projection 1/2 inch in length; a rod of
cartilage was prolonged into it from a thin plate, which was freely
movable in the subcutaneous tissue, forming a striking analogue to an
auricle. Moxhay cites the instance of a mother who was frightened by
the sight of a boy with hideous contractions in the neck, and who gave
birth to a child with two perfect ears and three rudimentary auricles
on the right side, and on the left side two rudimentary auricles.

In some people there is an excessive development of the auricular
muscles, enabling them to move their ears in a manner similar to that
of the lower animals. Of the celebrated instances the Abbe de Marolles,
says Vigneul-Marville, bears witness in his "Memoires" that the Regent
Crassot could easily move his ears. Saint Augustine mentions this
anomaly.

Double tympanitic membrane is spoken of by Loeseke. There is sometimes
natural perforation of the tympanum in an otherwise perfect ear, which
explains how some people can blow tobacco-smoke from the ear. Fournier
has seen several Spaniards and Germans who could perform this feat, and
knew one man who could smoke a whole cigar without losing any smoke,
since he made it leave either by his mouth, his ears, or in both ways.
Fournier in the same article mentions that he has seen a woman with
ears over four inches long.

Strange to say, there have been reports o