in whom
he could find no gall-bladder; Patterson has seen a similar instance in
a men of twenty-five. Purser describes a double gall-bladder.

The spleen has been found deficient or wanting by Lebby, Ramsay, and
others, but more frequently it is seen doubled. Cabrolius, Morgagni,
and others have found two spleens in one subject; Cheselden and
Fallopius report three; Fantoni mentions four found in one subject;
Guy-Patin has seen five, none as large as the ordinary organ;
Hollerius, Kerckringius, and others have remarked on multiple spleens.
There is a possibility that in some of the cases of multiple spleens
reported the organ is really single but divided into several lobes.
Albrecht mentions a case shown at a meeting of the Vienna Medical
Society of a very large number of spleens found in the mesogastrium,
peritoneum, on the mesentery and transverse mesocolon, in Douglas'
pouch, etc. There was a spleen "the size of a walnut" in the usual
position, with the splenic artery and vein in their normal position.
Every one of these spleens had a capsule, was covered by peritoneum,
and exhibited the histologic appearance of splenic tissue. According to
the review of this article, Toldt explains the case by assuming that
other parts of the celomic epithelium, besides that of the
mesogastrium, are capable of forming splenic tissue. Jameson reports a
case of double spleen and kidneys. Bainbrigge mentions a case of
supernumerary spleen causing death from the patient being placed in the
supine position in consequence of fracture of the thigh. Peevor
mentions an instance of second spleen. Beclard and Guy-Patin have seen
the spleen congenitally misplaced on the right side and the liver on
the left; Borellus and Bartholinus with others have observed
misplacement of the spleen.

The Pancreas.--Lieutaud has seen the pancreas missing and speaks of a
double pancreatic duct that he found in a man who died from starvation;
Bonet speaks of a case similar to this last.

There are several cases of complete transposition of the viscera on
record. This bizarre anomaly was probably observed first in 1650 by
Riolanus, but the most celebrated case was that of Morand in 1660, and
Mery described the instance later which was the subject of the
following quatrain:--

"La nature, peu sage et sans douse en debauche Placa le foie au cote
gauche, Et de meme, vice versa Le coeur a le droite placa."

Young cites an example in a woman of eighty-five who