nded rectum about the size of an
undistended anus. Lavage was practiced by a cannula introduced through
the opening, and a great number of cherry stones agglutinated with
feces followed the water, and labor was soon terminated. The woman
afterward confessed that she was perfectly aware of her deformity, but
was ashamed to disclose it before. There was an analogue of this case
found by Mercurialis in a child of a Jew called Teutonicus.

Gerster reports a rare form of imperforate anus, with malposition of
the left ureter, obliteration of the ostia of both ureters, with
consequent hydronephrosis of a confluent kidney. There was a minute
opening into the bladder, which allowed the passage of meconium through
the urethra. Burge mentions the case of what he calls "sexless child,"
in which there was an imperforate anus and no pubic arch; the ureters
discharged upon a tumor the size of a teacup extending from the
umbilicus to the pubes. A postmortem examination confirmed the
diagnosis of sexless child.

The Liver.--The Ephemerides, Frankenau, von Home, Molinetti, Schenok,
and others speak of deficient or absent liver. Zacutus Lusitanus says
that he once found a mass of flesh in place of the liver. Lieutaud is
quoted as describing a postmortem examination of an adult who had died
of hydropsy, in whom the liver and spleen were entirely missing. The
portal vein discharged immediately into the vena cava; this case is
probably unique, as no authentic parallel could be found.

Laget reports an instance of supernumerary lobe in the liver. Van Buren
describes a supernumerary liver. Sometimes there is rotation, real or
apparent, caused by transposition of the characteristics of the liver.
Handy mentions such a case. Kirmisson reports a singular anomaly of
the liver which he calls double displacement by interversion and
rotation on the vertical axis. Actual displacements of the liver as
well as what is known as wandering liver are not uncommon. The
operation for floating liver will be spoken of later.

Hawkins reports a case of congenital obliteration of the ductus
communis choledochus in a male infant which died at the age of four and
a half months. Jaundice appeared on the eighth day and lasted through
the short life. The hepatic and cystic ducts were pervious and the
hepatic duct obliterated. There were signs of hepatic cirrhosis and in
addition an inguinal hernia.

The Gall-Bladder.--Harle mentions the case of a man of fifty,