f the
heart from persons who have reached the age of puberty was to be seen
in London in 1895. In this collection there was an adult heart in which
the foremen ovale remained open until the age of thirty-seven; there
were but two pulmonary valves; there was another heart showing a large
patent foramen ovale from a man of forty-six; and there was a septum
ventriculorum of an adult heart from a woman of sixty-three, who died
of carcinoma of the breast, in which the foremen ovale was still open
and would admit the fore-finger. This woman had shown no symptoms of
the malformation. There were also hearts in which the interventricular
septum was deficient, the ductus arteriosus patent, or some valvular
malformation present. All these persons had reached puberty.

Displacements of the heart are quite numerous. Deschamps of Laval made
an autopsy on an old soldier which justified the expression, "He had a
heart in his belly." This organ was found in the left lumbar region; it
had, with its vessels, traversed an anomalous opening in the diaphragm.
Franck observed in the Hospital of Colmar a woman with the heart in the
epigastric region. Ramel and Vetter speak of the heart under the
diaphragm.

Inversion of the heart is quite frequent, and we often find reports of
cases of this anomaly. Fournier describes a soldier of thirty years, of
middle height, well proportioned and healthy, who was killed in a duel
by receiving a wound in the abdomen; postmortem, the heart was found in
the position of the right lung; the two lungs were joined and occupied
the left chest.

The anomalies of the vascular system are so numerous that we shall
dismiss them with a slight mention. Malacarne in Torino in 1784
described a double aorta, and Hommelius mentions an analogous case. The
following case is quite an interesting anatomic anomaly: A woman since
infancy had difficulty in swallowing, which was augmented at the epoch
of menstruation and after exercise; bleeding relieved her momentarily,
but the difficulty always returned. At last deglutition became
impossible and the patient died of malnutrition. A necropsy revealed
the presence of the subclavicular artery passing between the tracheal
artery and the esophagus, compressing this latter tube and opposing the
passage of food.

Anomalies of the Breasts.--The first of the anomalies of the generative
apparatus to be discussed, although not distinctly belonging under this
head, will be those of the ma