oman of
twenty-four who died of pneumonia in whom the left lung was entirely
missing. No traces of a left bronchus existed. The subject was very
poorly developed physically. Tichomiroff finds four other cases in
literature, in all of which the left lung was absent. Theremin and
Tyson record cases of the absence of the left lung.

Supplementary pulmonary lobes are occasionally seen in man and are
taken by some authorities to be examples of retrogressive anomalies
tending to prove that the derivation of the human race is from the
quadrupeds which show analogous pulmonary malformation. Eckley reports
an instance of supernumerary lobe of the right lung in close connection
with the vena azygos major. Collins mentions a similar case. Bonnet
and Edwards speak of instances of four lobes in the right lung. Testut
and Marcondes report a description of a lung with six lobes.

Anomalies of the Diaphragm.--Diemerbroeck is said to have dissected a
human subject in whom the diaphragm and mediastinum were apparently
missing, but such cases must be very rare, although we frequently find
marked deficiency of this organ. Bouchand reports an instance of
absence of the right half of the diaphragm in an infant born at term.
Lawrence mentions congenital deficiency of the muscular fibers of the
left half of the diaphragm with displacement of the stomach. The
patient died of double pneumonia. Carruthers, McClintock, Polaillon,
and van Geison also record instances of congenital deficiency of part
of the diaphragm. Recently Dittel reported unilateral defect in the
diaphragm of an infant that died soon after birth. The stomach, small
intestines, and part of the large omentum lay in the left pleural
cavity; both the phrenic nerves were normal. Many similar cases of
diaphragmatic hernia have been observed. In such cases the opening may
be large enough to allow a great part of the visceral constituents to
pass into the thorax, sometimes seriously interfering with respiration
and circulation by the pressure which ensues. Alderson reports a fatal
case of diaphragmatic hernia with symptoms of pneumothorax. The
stomach, spleen, omentum, and transverse colon were found lying in the
left pleura. Berchon mentions double perforation of the diaphragm with
hernia of the epiploon. The most extensive paper on this subject was
contributed by Bodwitch, who, besides reporting an instance in the
Massachusetts General Hospital, gives a numerical analysis of all th