d's ballads and most of Heine's
writings in verse and prose; a large part of "Des Knaben Wunderhorn," and
the selections from Achim von Arnim, Clemens Brentano, and Joseph Goerres
contained in Koch's "Deutsche National Litteratur," 146 Band (Stuttgart,
1891). These last include Brentano's "Die Erfindung des Rosenkranzes,"
"Kasperl und Annerl," "Gockel und Hinkerl," etc., and Arnim's
"Kronenwaechter," a scene from "Die Paepstin Johanna," etc. I have, of
course, read Madame de Stael's "L'Allemagne"; all of Carlyle's papers on
German literature, with his translations; the Grimm fairy tales and the
like.

[2] "Gedanken ueber die Nachahmung der Griechischen Werke in der Malerei
und Bildhauerkunst," 1755. "Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums," 1764.

[3] "Laocoon," 1766.

[4] See vol. i., chap. xi.; and particularly pp. 383-87.

[5] See vol. i., pp. 422-23.

[6] Novalis' and Wackenroder's remains were edited by Tieck and F.
Schlegel. Arnim married Brentano's sister Bettina--Goethe's Bettina.

[7] _E.g._, Tieck's "Der Gestiefelte Kater," against Nicolai and the
_Aufklarung_.

[8] As to the much-discussed romantic irony, the theory of which played a
part in the German movement corresponding somewhat to Hugo's doctrine of
the grotesque, it seems to have made no impression in England. I can
discover no mention of it in Coleridge. Carlyle, in the first of his two
essays on Richter (1827), expressly distinguishes true humour from irony,
which he describes as a faculty of caricature, consisting "chiefly in a
certain superficial distortion or reversal of objects"--the method of
Swift or Voltaire. That is, Carlyle uses irony in the common English
sense; the Socratic irony, the irony of the "Modest Proposal." The
earliest attempt that I have encountered to interpret to the English
public what Tieck and the Schlegels meant by "irony" is an article in
_Blackwood's_ for September, 1835, on "The Modern German School of
Irony"; but its analysis is not very _eingehend_.

[9] An English translation was published in this country in 1882. See
also H. H. Boyesen's "Essays on German Literature" (1892) for three
papers on the "Romantic School in Germany."

[10] Gentz, "The German Burke," translated the "Reflections on the
Revolution in France" into German in 1796.

[11] See also in the same tract, Burke's tribute to the value of
hereditary nobility, and remember that these were the words of a Whig
statesman.

[12] Dream book