," a small introductory work, but founded on extensive
studies. Of this he himself prepared a German translation.[50]

The faithful fellow-labourer of Schaffarik is Francis Palacky, a
scholar of great diligence and research, a few years younger in age;
who however seems to have adopted an opposite course, in so far as his
early works were written in Bohemian, while his later and principal
ones are in German. In 1829 he was appointed Historiographer of
Bohemia by the Estates; but he was too warm a _Bohemian_ to hope for
the confirmation of the Austrian government under the emperor Francis,
and it was not obtained until under his successor. By means of the
"Journal of the Bohemian National Museum," of which he was the founder
and editor, he had early gained a leading voice in all that concerned
the revival of Bohemian literature; and, in that capacity, had to
fight his way through a series of literary struggles and combats,
sometimes conducted with personal vehemence and bitterness. He had the
satisfaction, however, of finally coming off as victor in the more
essential points. His most important work is his _History of Bohemia_;
of which two volumes were published in the German language in 1836. A
Bohemian edition, with additions and a historiographical introduction,
appeared in 1848.

The spirit which pervades this great work makes the author to a
certain extent the representative of his nation. One of the objects of
the work is to point out the _primitive_ relations of Slavism on the
one hand, and of Germanism, the heir of Romanism, on the other; their
contrasts and necessary conflicts; the Germans, warlike, conquering,
oppressing all their neighbours, and bearing the germs of privileged
castes in their earliest institutions; the Slavi, peaceful,
industrious, living in patriarchal communities, and in their
fundamental elements purely democratic. Hence, the author says, the
principal idea and fundamental feature of Bohemian history is the
uninterrupted clashing and struggle of Slavism and Germanism; and in
another place he remarks, that "the history of Bohemia consists
chiefly in the combat with Germanism; or in the alternate reception
and rejection by the Czekhes of German manners and institutions." [51]

Our own days have witnessed the enthusiasm with which the thought of a
total separation between Slavism and Germanism was received, when the
events of the month of March 1848 seemed to open an unexpected
prospect of