the desired
tone-colour. The clarina is a metal instrument with the conical bore and
fingering of the oboe and the clarinet single-reed mouthpiece. The
compass of the instrument is as shown, and it stands in the key of
B[flat]. Like the clarinet, the clarina is a transposing instrument, for
which the music must be written in a key a tone higher than that of the
composition. The timbre resulting from the combination of conical bore
and single-reed mouthpiece has in the lowest register affinities with
the _cor anglais_, in the middle with the saxophone, and in the highest
with the clarinet. Other German orchestras have followed the example of
Bayreuth. The clarina has also been found very effective as a solo
instrument. (K. S.)

[Illustration: Notation.]

[Illustration: Real Sounds.]

CLARINET, or CLARIONET (Fr. _clarinette_; Ger. _Clarinette, Klarinett_;
Ital. _clarinetto, chiarinetto_), a wood-wind instrument having a
cylindrical bore and played by means of a single-reed mouthpiece. The
word "clarinet" is said to be derived from _clarinetto_, a diminutive of
_clarino_, the Italian for (1) the soprano trumpet, (2) the highest
register of the instrument, (3) the trumpet played musically without the
blare of the martial instrument. The word "clarionet" is similarly
derived from "clarion," the English equivalent of _clarino_. It is
suggested that the name _clarinet_ or _clarinetto_ was bestowed on
account of the resemblance in timbre between the high registers of the
clarino and clarinet. By adding the speaker-hole to the old chalumeau,
J.C. Denner gave it an additional compass based on the overblowing of
the harmonic twelfth, and consisting of an octave and a half of
harmonics, which received the name of _clarino_, while the lower
register retained the name of _chalumeau_. There is something to be said
also in favour of another suggested derivation from the Italian
_chiarina_, the name for reed instruments and the equivalent for tibia
and aulos. At the beginning of the 18th century in Italy _clarinetto_,
the diminutive of _clarino_, would be masculine, whereas _chiarinetta_
or _clarinetta_ would be feminine,[1] as in Doppelmayr's account of the
invention written in 1730. The word "clarinet" is sometimes used in a
generic sense to denote the whole family, which consists of the
clarinet, or discant corresponding to the violin, oboe, &c; the alto
clarinet in E; the basset horn in F (q.v.); the bass clarinet (q.v.