that time 72 minor courts presiding over the religion of the
_Yelikhawen_ existed under its supervision. Here we evidently have the
word _Arkhaiun_ in a Chinese form; and we may hazard the suggestion
that _Marha_, _Siliepan_ and _Yelikhawen_ meant respectively the
Armenian, Syrian, or Jacobite, and Nestorian Churches. (_St. Martin,
Mem._ II. 133, 143, 279; _D'Ohsson_, II. 264; _Ilchan_, I. 150, 152;
_Cathay_, 264; _Acad._ VII. 359; Wylie in _J. As._ V. xix. 406. Suppt.
to _D'Herbelot_, 142.)

[3] The word is not in Zenker or Pavet de Courteille.

[4] Mr. Shaw writes _Toonganee_. The first mention of this name that I
know of is in Izzat Ullah's Journal. (Vide _J. R. A. S._ VII. 310.)
The people are there said to have got the name from having first
settled in _Tungan_. Tung-gan is in the same page the name given to
the strong city of T'ung Kwan on the Hwang-ho. (See Bk. II. ch. xli.
note 1.) A variety of etymologies have been given, but Vambery's seems
the most probable.

[5] Probably no man could now say what this means. But the following note
from Mr. Ney Elias is very interesting in its suggestion of analogy:
"In my report to the Geographical Society I have noticed the peculiar
Western appearance of Kwei-hwa-ch'eng, and the little gardens of
creepers and flowers in pots which are displayed round the porches in
the court-yards of the better class of houses, and which I have seen
in no other part of China. My attention was especially drawn to these
by your quotation from Rashiduddin."

[6] A translation of _Heins'_ was kindly lent me by the author of this
article, the lamented Mr. J. W. S. Wyllie.

[7] I owe the suggestion of this to a remark in _Oppert's Presbyter
Johannes_, p. 77.

CHAPTER LX.

CONCERNING THE KAAN'S PALACE OF CHAGANNOR.

At the end of those three days you find a city called CHAGAN NOR [which is
as much as to say White Pool], at which there is a great Palace of the
Grand Kaan's;[NOTE 1] and he likes much to reside there on account of the
Lakes and Rivers in the neighbourhood, which are the haunt of swans[NOTE
2] and of a great variety of other birds. The adjoining plains too abound
with cranes, partridges, pheasants, and other game birds, so that the
Emperor takes all the more delight in staying there, in order to go
a-hawking with his gerfalcons and other falcons, a sport of which he is
very fond