ang pu where the pass across the Ye-hu ling range begins. "On
both these roads _nabo_, or temporary palaces, were built, as
resting-places for the Khans; eighteen on the eastern road, and twenty-four
on the western." (_Palladius_, p. 25.) The same author makes (p. 26) the
following remarks: "M. Polo's statement that he travelled three days from
Siuen-te chau to Chagannor, and three days also from the latter place to
Shang-tu, agrees with the information contained in the 'Researches on the
Routes to Shangtu.' The Chinese authors have not given the precise position
of Lake Chagannor; there are several lakes in the desert on the road to
Shangtu, and their names have changed with time. The palace in Chagannor
was built in 1280" (according to the _Siu t'ung kien_).--H. C.]

NOTE 2.--_Chandu_, called more correctly in Ramusio _Xandu_, i.e. SHANDU,
and by Fr. Odorico _Sandu_, viz. SHANG-TU or "Upper Court," the Chinese
title of Kublai's summer residence at Kaipingfu, _Mongolice_ Keibung (see
ch. xiii. of Prologue) [is called also _Loan king_, i.e. "the capital on
the Loan River," according to Palladius, p. 26.--H. C.]. The ruins still
exist, in about lat. 40 deg. 22', and a little west of the longitude of
Peking. The site is 118 miles in direct line from Chaghan-nor, making
Polo's three marches into rides of unusual length.[1] The ruins bear the
Mongol name of _Chao Naiman Sume Khotan_, meaning "city of the 108
temples," and are about 26 miles to the north-west of Dolon-nor, a
bustling, dirty town of modern origin, famous for the manufactory of
idols, bells, and other ecclesiastical paraphernalia of Buddhism. The site
was visited (though not described) by Pere Gerbillon in 1691, and since
then by no European traveller till 1872, when Dr. Bushell of the British
Legation at Peking, and the Hon. T. G. Grosvenor, made a journey thither
from the capital, by way of the Nan-kau Pass (supra p. 26), Kalgan, and
the vicinity of Chaghan-nor, the route that would seem to have been
habitually followed, in their annual migration, by Kublai and his
successors.

The deserted site, overgrown with rank weeds and grass, stands but little
above the marshy bed of the river, which here preserves the name of Shang-
tu, and about a mile from its north or left bank. The walls, of earth
faced with brick and unhewn stone, still stand, forming, as in the Tartar
city of Peking, a double _enceinte_, of which the inner line no doubt
represents the area of t