i dwell next to the Rhine_;
propius castra hostium, _nearer the camp of the enemy_.

142. The following Prepositions govern the Ablative:--

a, ab, abs, _from_, cum, _with_. pro, _in front of_,
_by_. de, _from_, _for_.
absque, _without_. _concerning_. sine, _without_.
coram, _in the e, ex, _from out tenus, _up to_.
presence of_. of_.
prae, _before_.

1. A, ab, abs. Before vowels or h, ab must be used; before consonants we
find sometimes a, sometimes ab (the latter usually not before the labials
b, p, f, v, m; nor before c, g, q, or t); abs occurs only before te, and a
is admissible even there.

2. E, ex. Before vowels or h, ex must be used; before consonants we find
sometimes e, sometimes ex.

3. Tenus regularly follows its case, as, pectoribus tenus, _up to the
breast_. It sometimes governs the Genitive, as, labrorum tenus, _as far as
the lips_.

4. Cum is appended to the Pronouns of the First and Second Persons, and to
the Reflexive Pronoun; usually also to the Relative and Interrogative.
Thus:--

mecum nobiscum quocum _or_ cum quo
tecum vobiscum quacum _or_ cum qua
secum quibuscum _or_ cum quibus
On quicum, see Sec. 89, Footnote 27.

143. Two Prepositions, in, _in_, _into_, and sub, _under_, govern both the
Accusative and the Ablative. With the Accusative they denote motion; with
the Ablative, rest; as,--

in urbem, _into the city_;
in urbe, _in the city_.

1. Subter and super are also occasionally construed with the Ablative.

144. RELATION OF ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS.

1. Prepositions were originally Adverbs, and many of them still retain
their adverbial meaning; as, post, _afterwards_; ante, _previously_;
contra, _on the other hand_, etc.

2. Conversely several words, usually adverbs, are occasionally employed as
prepositions; as,--

clam, pridie, with the Accusative.
procul, simul, palam, with the Ablative.

3. Anastrophe. A Preposition sometimes follows its case. This is called
Anastrophe; as,--

ei, quos inter erat, _those among whom he was_.

Anastrophe occurs chiefly with dissyllabic prepositions.

CONJUNCTIONS AND INTERJECTIONS.

145. 1. Conjunctions are used to connect ideas. For Cooerdinate
Conjunctions, see Sec. 341 ff. Subordinate Conjunctions are treated in
connection with Subord