Equatoria_ (London, 1891); W. Junker, _Travels in Africa_ (English ed.,
1890-1892); R. C. Owen, _Bari Grammar_ (1908).

BARI (anc. _Barium_), a seaport and archiepiscopal see of Apulia, Italy,
capital of the province of Bari, situated on a small peninsula projecting
into the Adriatic, 69 m. N.W. of Brindisi by rail. Pop. (1901) 77,478. The
town consists of two parts, the closely built old town on the peninsula to
the N., and the new town to the S., which is laid out on a rectangular
plan. The former contains the cathedral of S. Sabino, begun in 1035 but not
completed till 1171: the exterior preserves in the main the fine original
architecture (notably the dome and campanile), but the interior has been
modernized. Not far off is the church of S. Nicola, founded in 1087 to
receive the relics of this saint, which were brought from Myra in Lycia,
and now lie beneath the altar in the crypt. The facade is fine, and the
interior, divided into three naves by columns, with galleries over the
aisles, has fortunately not been restored; the vaulting of the crypt has,
however, been covered with modern stucco. The church is one of the four
Palatine churches of Apulia (the others being the cathedrals of Acquaviva
and Altamura, and the church of Monte S. Angelo sul Gargano). Adjacent is
the small church of S. Gregorio, belonging also to the 11th century. The
castle, built in 1169, and strengthened in 1233, lies on the W. side of the
old town: it is now used as a prison. The old harbour lies on the E. side
of the peninsula, and the new on the W. In the new town is the Ateneo,
containing the provincial museum, with a large collection of vases found in
the district, in which the pre-Hellenic specimens are especially important
(M. Mayer in _Roemische Mitteilungen_, 1897, 201; 1899, 13; 1904, 188,
276). Bari is the seat of the command of the IX. army corps, and the most
important commercial town in Apulia. It manufactures olive oil, soap,
carbon sulphide and playing-cards, and has a large iron foundry.

Barium does not seem to have been a place of great importance in early
antiquity; only bronze coins struck by it have been found. In Roman times
it was the point of junction between the coast road and the Via Traiana;
there was also a branch road to Tarentum from Barium. Its harbour,
mentioned as early as 181 B.C., was probably the principal one of the
district in ancient times, as at present, and was the centre of a fishery.
But its greatest