. Note the close correspondences.)

While it appears to me more than likely that our Filipino stories
derive ultimately from Arabian sources through the Moros of the
southern islands rather than through the Spaniards, nevertheless to
settle the question absolutely more variants are needed for comparison.

Attention might be called to incidents peculiar to the Philippine
accounts and not found in any of the versions cited by Daehnhardt:--

(1) A deity, not Noah, sends out the birds.

(2) The crows of Sinukuan (b), in addition to becoming black, are
condemned forever afterward to have raucous, unpleasant voices.

(3) In the Visayan story Bathala makes the crow black by hurling an
inkstand at it. This undignified detail may have been taken over from
one of the popular metrical romances ("Baldovinos" or "Doce Pares")
in which Charlemagne loses his temper and throws an inkwell at Roland
(see JAFL 29 : 208, 214, 215). Or it is just barely possible that
this popular bit of machinery became attached to our story of the
crow on the analogy of an Annamite tale (Landes, Contes annamites,
p. 210 f., cited by Daehnhardt, 3 : 65):--

The raven and the coq de pagode were once men in the service of the
saint (Confucius), who transformed them into birds as a punishment for
disobedience. In order to undo the punishment and to make the saint
laugh, the raven smeared itself all over with ink. The coq de pagode
wished to do the same to itself, but had only enough black ink for
half its body; for the rest it was obliged to use red. Therefore the
raven is black, and the coq de pagode is half red, half black.

(4) In the Zambal story the crow is punished, not by being made black,
but by having a chain put on its legs; so that the crows to-day cannot
walk, but must hop from place to place.

In conclusion I will cite merely for completeness an American Indian
version not found in Daehnhardt. It is referred to by Sir J. G. Frazer
(Folk-Lore in the Old Testament [1918], 1 : 297), who writes as
follows:--

"The same missionary [i.e., Mgr. Faraud, in Annales de la Propagation
de la Foi, xxxvi (1864), 388 et seq.] reports a deluge legend current
among the Crees, another tribe of the Algonquin stock in Canada;
but this Cree story bears clear traces of Christian influence, for
in it the man is said to have sent forth from the canoe, first a
raven, and second a wood-pigeon. The raven did not return, and as a
punishment for his disobedien