irs of J. Q. Adams_ (1874), iii. 511, 520, 532, 535-39,
540, 544, 560, 562-63. and Bentham's letter to Adams in _Works_, x. 554.

[323] _Works_, xi. 23.

[324] _Ibid._ xi. 40.

V. CODIFICATION

The unsettled conditions which followed the peace in various European
countries found Bentham other employment. In 1809 Dumont did some
codifying for the Emperor of Russia, and in 1817 was engaged to do the
same service for Geneva. He was employed for some years, and is said to
have introduced a Benthamite Penal Code and Panopticon, and an
application of the Tactics.[325] In 1820 and 1821 Bentham was consulted
by the Constitutional party in Spain and Portugal, and wrote elaborate
tracts for their enlightenment. He made an impression upon at least one
Spaniard. Borrow, when travelling in Spain some ten years after
Bentham's death, was welcomed by an Alcalde on Cape Finisterre, who had
upon his shelves all the works of the 'grand Baintham,' and compared him
to Solon, Plato, and even Lope de Vega.[326] The last comparison
appeared to Borrow to be overstrained. Bentham even endeavoured in
1822-23 to administer some sound advice to the government of Tripoli,
but his suggestions for 'remedies against misrule' seem never to have
been communicated.[327] In 1823 and 1824 he was a member of the Greek
Committee; he corresponded with Mavrocordato and other leaders; and he
begged Parr to turn some of his admonitions into 'Parrian' Greek for the
benefit of the moderns.[328] Blaquiere and Stanhope, two ardent members
of the committee, were disciples; and Stanhope carried with him to
Greece Bentham's _Table of the Springs of Action_, with which he tried
to indoctrinate Byron. The poet, however, thought with some plausibility
that he was a better judge of human passions than the philosopher.
Parry, the engineer, who joined Byron at the same time, gives a queer
account of the old philosopher trotting about London in the service of
the Greeks.[329] The coarse and thoughtless might laugh, and perhaps
some neither coarse nor thoughtless might smile. But Bowring tells us
that these were days of boundless happiness for Bentham.[330] Tributes
of admiration were pouring in from all sides, and the true Gospel was
spreading across the Atlantic and along the shores of the Mediterranean.

At home the Utilitarian party was consolidating itself; and the struggle
which resulted in the Reform Bill was slowly beginning. The veteran
Cartwright, Bentham's se