communicated by the Grand-Master. "His Majesty
requires that the following arrangement be added to the decree presented
to him: Wherever there is a lycee, the Grand-Master will order private
institutions to be closed until the lycee has all the boarders it can
contain." The personal intervention of Napoleon is here evident;
the decree starts with him; he wished it at once more rigorous, more
decidedly arbitrary and prohibitive.]

[Footnote 6120: Quicherat, ibid., III.,95-105.--Ibid., 126. After the
decree of November 15, 1811, threatening circulars follow each other
for fifteen months and always to hold fast or annoy the heads of
institutions or private schools. Even in the smallest boarding-schools,
the school exercises must be announced by the drum and the uniform worn
under penalty of being shut up]

[Footnote 6121: Ibid., III., 42.--At Sainte-Barbe, before 1808, there
were various sports favoring agility and flexibility of the body,
such as running races, etc. All that is suppressed by the imperial
University; it does not admit that anything can be done better or
otherwise than by itself.]

[Footnote 6122: Decree of March 17, 1808, article 38. Among "the bases
of teaching," the legislator prescribes "obedience to the statutes the
object of which is the uniformity of instruction."]

[Footnote 6123: Quicherat, III., 128.]

[Footnote 6124: "The Modern Regime," I., 164.]

[Footnote 6125: See, for a comprehension of the full effect of this
forced education, "Les Mecontens" by Merimee, the role of Lieutenant
Marquis Edward de Naugis.]

[Footnote 6126: "Recueil," by A. de Beauchamp; Report by Fourcroy, April
20, 1802: "The populations which have become united with France
and which, speaking a different language and accustomed to foreign
institutions, need to abandon old habits and refashion themselves on
those of their new country, cannot find at home the essential means for
giving their sons the instruction, the manners and the character which
should amalgamate them with Frenchmen. What destiny could be more
advantageous for them and, at the same time, what a resource for the
government, which desires nothing so much as to attach new citizens to
France!"]

[Footnote 6127: "Journal d'un detenu de 1807 a 1814" (I vol., 1828, in
English), p.167. (An account given by Charles Choderlos de Laclos, who
was then at La Fleche.]

[Footnote 6128: Pelet de la Lozere, ibid., pp.162, 163.167. (Speeches by
Napoleon to the Co