States where no great effort is demanded but the peer
pressure helps to produce ignorant, self-satisfied students. (SR.)]

[Footnote 6147: Villemain, "Souvenirs contemporaines," vol. I., 137-156.
("Une visite a l'Ecole normale en 1812," Napoleon's own words to M. de
Narbonne.) "Tacitus is a dissatisfied senator, an Auteuil grumbler, who
revenges himself, pen in hand, in his cabinet. His is the spite of the
aristocrat and philosopher both at once.... Marcus Aurelius is a sort
of Joseph II., and, in much larger proportions, a philanthropist and
sectarian in commerce with the sophists and ideologues of his time,
flattering them and imitating them.... I like Diocletian better."--"...
Public education lies in the future and in the duration of my work after
I am gone."]

[Footnote 6148: Decree of March 17, 1808, art. 110 and the following.]

[Footnote 6149: Circular of Nov. 13, 1813.]

[Footnote 6150: Decree of March 17, 1808, article 38.]

[Footnote 6151: Pelet de la Lozere, ibid., 158.]

[Footnote 6152: Id., ibid., 168. (Session of March 20, 1806.)]

[Footnote 6153: Hermann Niemeyer, "Beobactungen auf einer
Deportation-Reise nach Frankreich im J. 1807" (Halle, 1824),
II.,353.--Fabry, "Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de l'instruction
publique," III., 120. (Documents and testimony of pupils showing that
religion in the lycees is only ceremonial practice.)--Id., Riancey,
"Histoire de l'instruction publique," II.,378. (Reports of nine
chaplains in the royal colleges in 1830 proving that the same spirit
prevailed throughout the Restoration: "A boy sent to one of these
establishments containing 400 pupils for the term of eight years has
only eight or ten chances favoring the preservation of his faith; all
the others are against him, that is to say, out of four hundred chances,
three hundred and ninety risk his being a man with no religion."]

[Footnote 6154: Fabry, ibid., III., 175. (Napoleon's own words to a
member of his council.)--Pelet de la Lozere, ibid., 161: "I do not want
priests meddling with public education."--167: "The establishment of
a teaching corps will be a guarantee against the re-establishment of
monks. Without that they would some day come back."]

[Footnote 6155: Fabry, ibid, III., 120. (Abstract of the system of
lycees by a pupil who passed many years in two lycees.) Terms for board
900 francs, insufficiency of food and clothing, crowded lectures and
dormitories, too many pupils in each class, pro