neighbors the same as a doctor."--("Ambroise Rendu," by E.
Rendu, p.107, Report of 1817.)]

[Footnote 6206: Decree of May 1, 1802, articles 2, 4 and 5.--Decree of
March 17, 1808, articles 5, 8 and 117.]

[Footnote 6207: E. Rendu, Ibid., pp.39 and 41]

[Footnote 6208: Id., ibid., 41. (Answers of approval of the bishops,
letter of the archbishop of Bordeaux, May 29, 1808.) "There are only too
many schools whose instructors neither give lessons nor set examples
of Catholicism or even of Christianity. It is very desirable that these
wicked men should not be allowed to teach."]

[Footnote 6209: Decree of Nov. 15, 1911, article 192.--Cf. the decree
of March 17, 1808, article 6. "The small primary schools are those
where one learns to read, write and cipher."--Ibid., Sec. 3, article 5,
definition of boarding-schools and secondary communal schools. This
definition is rendered still more precise in the decree of Nov.15, 1811,
article 16.]

[Footnote 6210: Pelet de la Lozere, ibid. 175. (Words of Napoleon before
the Council of State, May 21, 180.)]

[Footnote 6211: Alexis Chevalier, "Les Freres des ecoles chretiennes
pendant la Revolution," 93. (Report by Portalis approved by the First
Consul, Frimaire 10, year XII.)]

[Footnote 6212: Like in the socialist and national-socialist parties and
trade unions which were to dominate the Western democracies throughout
the 20th century. (SR.)]

[Footnote 6213: "Ambroise Rendu," by E. Rendu, P.42.]

[Footnote 6214: D'Haussonville, "L'Eglise romaine et le premier Empire,"
II.,257, 266. (Report of Portalis to the Emperor, Feb. 13, 1806.)]

[Footnote 6215: Here Taine describes what today is often named as being
the "state of the art." (SR.)]

[Footnote 6216: Cuvier, "Rapport sur l'instruction publique dans les
nouveaux departements de la basse Allemagne, fait en execution du decret
du 13 novembre 1810," pp. 4-8. "The principle and aim of each university
is to have courses of lectures on every branch of human knowledge if
there are any pupils who desire this... No professor can hinder his
colleague from treating the same subjects as himself; most of their
increase depends on the remuneration of the pupils which excites the
greatest emulation in their work."--The university, generally, is in
some small town; the student has no society but that of his comrades
and his professors; again, the university has jurisdiction over him and
itself exercises its rights of oversight and police