one body, possessing but
one mind, and all contributing to the public good through unanimity of
sentiment and action."]

[Footnote 6106: Pelet de la Lozere, 154.]

[Footnote 6107: A. de Beauchamp, ibid. (Decree of March 7,
1808.)--Special and collateral schools which teach subjects not taught
in the lycees, for example the living languages, which are confined
to filling a gap, and do not compete with the lycees, are subject to
previous authorization and to university pay.]

[Footnote 6108: Pelet de la Lozere, p. 170. (Session of the Council of
State, March 20, 1806).]

[Footnote 6109: Quicherat, "Histoire de Sainte-Barbe," III., 125.]

[Footnote 6110: A. de Beauchamp, ibid. (Decrees of March 17, 1808, arts
103 and 105, of Sep. 17, 1808, arts. 2 and 3 of Novem. 15, 1801, arts.
54, 55 and 56.) "Should any one publicly teach and keep a school without
the Grand-Master's consent, he will be officially prosecuted by our
imperial judges, who will close the school.... He will be brought before
the criminal court and condemned to a fine of from one hundred to two
hundred francs, without prejudice to greater penalties, should he be
found guilty of having directed instruction in a way contrary to order
and to the public interest."--Ibid., art. 57. (On the closing of schools
provided with prescribed authority.)]

[Footnote 6111: A. de Beauchamp, ibid. (Decree of Sep. 17, 1808, arts.
27, 28, 29, 30, and act passed April 7, 1809.)]

[Footnote 6112: Id., ibid. (Decrees of March 17, 1808, art. 134; of Sep.
17, 1808, arts. 25 and 26; of Nov.15, 1811, art. 63).]

[Footnote 6113: Ambroise Rendu, "Essai sur l'instruction publique," 4
vols., 1819, I., 221. (Notice to M. de Fontanes, March 24, 1808. "The
university undertakes all public institutions, and must strive to have
as few private institutions as possible.]

[Footnote 6114: Eugene Rendu, "Ambroise Rendu et l'Universite de France"
(1861), pp.25, 26. (Letter of the Emperor to Fourcroy, Floreal 3, year
XIII, ordering him to inspect the lycees and Report of Fourcroy at
the end of four months.) "In general, the drum. the drill and military
discipline keep the parents in most of the towns from sending their
children to the lycee.... Advantage is taken of this measure to make
parents believe that the Emperor wants only to make soldiers." Ibid.
(Note of M. de Champagny, Minister of the Interior, written a few months
later.) "A large half of the heads (of the lycee) or professors is