n the latter case, "rendered incapable
of obtaining employment in any other public administration."--"Every
member of the University[6142] who shall fail to conform to the
subordination established by the statutes and regulations, or in respect
due to superiors, shall be reprimanded, censured or suspended from
his functions according to the gravity of the case." In no case may he
withdraw of his own accord, resign at will, and voluntarily return
to private life; he is bound to obtain beforehand the Grand-Master's
assent; and, if the latter refuses this, he must renew his application
three times, every two months, with the formalities, the delays and
the importunacy of a long procedure; failing in which, he is not
only stricken from the rolls, but again "condemned to a confinement
proportioned to the gravity of the circumstances," and which may last a
year.

A system of things ending in a prison is not attractive, and is
established only after great resistance. "We were under the necessity,"
says the superior council,[6143] "of taking candidates as they could
be found, differing infinitely in methods, principles and sentiments,
accustomed to almost unlimited pardon or, at least, to being governed by
the caprices of parents and nearly all disliking the regime attempted to
be enforced on them." Moreover, through this intervention of the State,
"the local authorities find one of their most cherished prerogatives
wrested from them." In sum, "the masters detested the new duties
imposed on them; the administrators and bishops protested against
the appointments not made at their suggestion; fathers of families
complained of the new taxes they had to pay. It is said that the
University is known only by its imposts and by its forced regulations;
again, in 1811, most of its masters are incompetent, or intractable, and
of a bad spirit.--There is still another reason for tightening the cord
that binds them into a corporation. "The absolute subordination of every
individual belonging to the University is its first necessity; without
discipline and without obedience, no University could exist. This
obedience must be prompt, and, in grave cases, where recourse must
be had to the authority of the government, obedience must always be
provisional." But, on this incurably refractory staff, pressure is
not enough; it has grown old and hardened; the true remedy, therefore,
consists in replacing it with a younger one, more manageable, express