dhibenda, quae, et terroribus
cupiditatibusque detractis et omnium falsarum opinionum
temeritate derepta, certissimam se ducem praebeat ad
voluptatem. Sapientia enim est una, quae maestitiam
pellat ex animis, quae nos exhorrescere metu non sinat;
qua praeceptrice in tranquillitate vivi potest, omnium
cupiditatum ardore restincto. Cupiditates enim sunt
insatiabiles, quae non modo singulos homines, sed
universas familias evertunt, totam etiam labefactant
saepe rempublicam. Ex cupiditatibus odia discidia
discordiae seditiones bella nascuntur." And so on to the
end of the chapter. The message of Lucretius to the
Roman was practically the same. The remedy was the wrong
one in that age; though it does not necessarily entail
withdrawal from public life with all its enticements
and risks, it must inevitably have a strong tendency to
suggest it; and such withdrawal had, as a matter of
fact, been one of the characteristics of the Epicurean
life. See Zeller, _Stoics_, etc., ch. xx.; Guyau, _La
Morale d'Epicure_, p. 141 foll.

[770] _History of European Morals_ (1899), vol. i. p.
225. The treatment of Stoicism in this work, though not,
strictly speaking, philosophical, is in many ways most
instructive.

[771] F. Leo, _Die griechische und lateinische
Literatur_, p. 337. See the author's _Social Life at
Rome in the Age of Cicero_, p. 105.

[772] Polybius xxxii. 9-16.

[773] See a discussion by the author of the meaning of
[Greek: tyche] in Polybius, _Classical Review_, vol.
xvii. p. 445, and the passages there quoted relating to
the growth of the Roman dominion.

[774] See Schmekel, _Die mittlere Stoa_, p. 3 foll.

[775] _Ib._ p. 6, note 3.

[776] See above, p. 251.

[777] Cic. _N.D._ ii., end of sec. 19. He is translating
the Greek [Greek: pneuma], which in Stoicism is not a
spiritual conception, but a material one, in harmony
with their theory of the universe as being itself
material, including reason and the soul. This is one of
the weak points of the Stoic idea of Unity. For the
meaning of _spiritus_ see Mayor's note on the passage;
it is "the ether or warm air which penetrates and gives
life to all things, and connects them together in one
organic whole."

[778] Cic. _N.D._ ii. xiii. 36 _ad fin._ On all this
department of the Stoi