owa, _R.K._ p. 192.

[848] See above, p. 107.

[849] Mueller-Deecke, _Etrusker_, ii. 108 foll.
Illustrations can be seen in Dennis, _Cities and
Cemeteries of Etruria_, ed. 2.

[850] _Captivi_, v. 4. 1.

[851] _La Religion romaine d'Auguste aux Antonins_, vol.
i. p. 310.

[852] Cic. _Tusc._ i. 16. 37. For the eschatology of the
sixth _Aeneid_, a curious melange of religion,
philosophy, and folklore, see Norden's work on Virgil,
_Aeneid_, vi. (index, p. 468). Norden believes, I may
note, that the philosophical and religious elements in
it are mainly derived from Posidonius. Cp. also Glover,
_Studies in Virgil_, ch. x. (Hades). For popular
beliefs in Hades, etc., under the Empire, see
Friedlaender's _Sittengeschichte_, vol. iii. last
chapter.

[853] Weil, _Etudes sur l'antiquite grecque_, p. 12,
quoted by Glover, p. 218.

[854] See above, p. 105.

[855] Since this lecture was written a most interesting
discussion of Greek ideas, Achaean and Pelasgic, about
the relation of soul and body after death, has appeared
in Mr. Lawson's _Modern Greek Folklore and Ancient Greek
Religion_, especially in chapters v. and vi., confirming
me, to some extent at least, in the conjecture I had
here hazarded. The working of the imagination in regard
to a future state is in Greece, in his view, peculiar to
the older or Pelasgic population; and if the Etruscans
were of Pelasgic stock, as is now believed by many,
their imaginative grotesqueness, a degraded form perhaps
of the original characteristic, acting on the ideas of a
still more primitive population of which the Lemuria is
a survival, might explain the later prevalence of a
gruesome eschatology at Rome. But whoever studies Mr.
Lawson's chapters closely will find serious difficulties
in the way even of such a hypothesis as this.

[856] Ovid, _Fasti_, v. 430 foll.; _R.F._ p. 109.
Wissowa, _R.K._ p. 192, attributes the ideas of larvae
(ghosts) and of Orcus, not to religion, but to popular
superstition. If he here means by religion the State
religion and the _Parentalia_ in particular, I can agree
with him.

[857] Dr. Carter allows this in Hastings' _Dict. of
Religion and Ethics_, vol. i. (Roman section of article
"Ancestor Worship.")

[858] See _R.F._ p. 334.

[859] _R.F._ p. 107.