e Conventual Franciscans as
opposed to the Spirituals. This rule was adopted in many convents, but
many more adhered to the strict rule of 1253. Indeed a counter-tendency
towards a greater strictness set in, and a number of reforms were
initiated, introducing an appalling austerity of life. The most
important of these reforms were the Coletines (St Colette, c. 1400) and
the Capucines (c. 1540; see CAPUCHINS). The half-dozen forms of the
Franciscan rule for women here mentioned are still in use in different
convents, and there are also a great number of religious institutes for
women based on the rule of the Tertiaries. By the term "Poor Clares" the
Coletine nuns are now commonly understood; there are various convents of
these nuns, as of other Franciscans, in England and Ireland. Franciscan
nuns have always been very numerous; there are now about 150 convents of
the various observances of the Second Order, in every part of the world,
besides innumerable institutions of Tertiaries.

See Helyot, _Hist. des ordres religieux_ (1792), vii. cc. 25-28 and
38-42; Wetzer and Welte, _Kirchenlexikon_ (2nd ed.), art. "Clara"; Max
Heimbucher, _Orden und Kongregationen_ (1896), i. Sec.Sec. 47, 48, who gives
references to all the literature. For a scientific study of the
beginnings see Lempp, "Die Anfaenge des Klarissenordens" in
_Zeitschrift fuer Kirchengeschichte_, xiii. (1892), 181 ff. (E.C.B.)

CLARET (from the Fr. _vin claret_, mod. _clairet_, wine of a light clear
colour, from Lat. _clarus_, clear), the English name for the red
Bordeaux wines. The term was originally used in France for light-yellow
or light-red wines, as distinguished from the _vins rouges_ and the
_vins blancs_; later it was applied to red wines generally, but is
rarely used in French, and never with the particular English meaning
(see WINE).

CLARETIE, JULES ARSENE ARNAUD (1840- ), French man of letters and
director of the Theatre Francais, was born at Limoges on the 3rd of
December 1840. After studying at the lycee Bonaparte in Paris, he became
an active journalist, achieving great success as dramatic critic to the
_Figaro_ and to the _Opinion nationale_. He was a newspaper
correspondent during the Franco-German War, and during the Commune acted
as staff-officer in the National Guard. In 1885 he became director of
the Theatre Francais, and from that time devoted his time chiefly to its
administration. He was elected a member of the