ch in turn provokes war. In
various parts of the world broken nationalities seek to attain to
national independence or autonomy and these nationalistic differences
are exacerbated by economic quarrels. Moreover, within the nations
certain sections or groups find their true economic interest in
policies leading to war, and these groups are able by means of
ceaseless propaganda to drive their nation into war-provoking policies.
Finally we are faced with the grim fact that in Europe at least no
great nation can pursue a consistent policy of peace unless other
nations move simultaneously in the same direction. Furthermore the
instinctive efforts of each nation to secure its own peace by force
constitute a menace to other nations and a danger to the world's peace.

The outlook for peace is thus not cheering; "the war against war," to
use William James's expression, "is going to be no holiday excursion or
camping party."

Fortunately, however, there are certain factors making for peace, and
upon these factors we are able to build. All over the world there is a
peace sentiment, a vast, undisciplined, inchoate desire to discover
ways and means by which this scourge of war may be lifted. It is not
inherently impossible to organise this sentiment, crystallise it,
direct it and make it effective. The task is essentially {238} similar
to that of organising democracy, for wars increasingly are becoming
national wars, in which success depends not upon princes but upon the
willingness and enthusiasm of the great slow peoples. The millions who
bear the chief burdens of war and derive only its lesser gains are in
all countries moving towards self-expression and domination. It is in
the end upon these masses, with their inherent prejudices and passions,
and not upon diplomats and rulers that any project for peace must be
based.

The appeal to these millions though it be couched in terms of morality
and sentiment, must be an appeal to interest. What is necessary is to
recognise the economic motives that drive such populations to war and
to reverse those motives. It does not suffice to preach that wars are
never in the interest of the people; the nations know otherwise. It is
necessary rather to change conditions so that wars will in actual fact
lose their economic value to nations. Peace must be made not only to
appear but actually to be in the interest of the peoples of the world.

The popular horror of war, the growing s