Khedive between the Red Sea and Sennaar.

"As to the cost of the Soudan, it is a mistake to suppose that it
will necessarily be a charge on the Egyptian Exchequer. It will
cost two millions to relieve the garrisons and to quell the
revolt; but that expenditure must be incurred any way; and in all
probability, if the garrisons are handed over to be massacred and
the country evacuated, the ultimate expenditure would exceed that
sum. At first, until the country is pacified, the Soudan will
need a subsidy of L200,000 a year from Egypt. That, however,
would be temporary. During the last years of my administration
the Soudan involved no charge upon the Egyptian Exchequer. The
bad provinces were balanced against the good, and an equilibrium
was established. The Soudan will never be a source of revenue to
Egypt, but it need not be a source of expense. That deficits have
arisen, and that the present disaster has occurred, is entirely
attributable to a single cause, and that is, the grossest
misgovernment.

"The cause of the rising in the Soudan is the cause of all
popular risings against Turkish rule, wherever they have
occurred. No one who has been in a Turkish province, and has
witnessed the results of the Bashi-Bazouk system, which excited
so much indignation some time ago in Bulgaria, will need to be
told why the people of the Soudan have risen in revolt against
the Khedive. The Turks, the Circassians, and the Bashi-Bazouks
have plundered and oppressed the people in the Soudan, as they
plundered and oppressed them in the Balkan peninsula. Oppression
begat discontent; discontent necessitated an increase of the
armed force at the disposal of the authorities; this increase of
the army force involved an increase of expenditure, which again
was attempted to be met by increasing taxation, and that still
further increased the discontent. And so things went on in a
dismal circle, until they culminated, after repeated deficits, in
a disastrous rebellion. That the people were justified in
rebelling, nobody who knows the treatment to which they were
subjected will attempt to deny. Their cries were absolutely
unheeded at Cairo. In despair, they had recourse to the only
method by which they could make their wrongs known; and, on the
same principle that A