te the importance which from early times must have
attached to Sarhad as the highest place of permanent occupation on the
direct route leading from the Oxus to the Tarim Basin. Here was the last
point where caravans coming from the Bactrian side with the products of
the Far West and of India could provision themselves for crossing that
high tract of wilderness 'called Pamier' of which old Marco Polo rightly
tells us: 'You ride across it ...' And as I looked south towards the
snow-covered saddle of the Baroghil, the route I had followed myself, it
was equally easy to realize why Kao Hsien-chih's strategy had, after the
successful crossing of the Pamirs, made the three columns of his Chinese
Army concentrate upon the stronghold of Lien-yuen, opposite the present
Sarhad. Here was the base from which Yasin could be invaded and the
Tibetans ousted from their hold upon the straight route to the Indus."

XXXII., p. 174.

"The note connecting Hiuan Tsang's Kieh sha with Kashgar is probably based
upon an error of the old translators, for the Sita River was in the Pamir
region, and _K'a sha_ was one of the names of Kasanna, or Kieh-shwang-na,
in the Oxus region." (E.H. PARKER, _Asiatic Quart. Rev._, Jan., 1904, p.
143.)

XXXII., I. p. 173; II. p. 593.

PAONANO PAO.

Cf. _The Name Kushan_, by J.F. Fleet, _Jour. Roy. As. Soc._, April, 1914,
pp. 374-9; _The Shaonano Shao Coin Legend;_ and a Note on the name Kushan
by J. Allan, Ibid., pp. 403-411. PAONANO PAO. Von Joh. Kirste. (_Wiener
Zeit. f. d. Kunde d. Morg._, II., 1888, pp. 237-244.)

XXXII., p. 174.

YUE CHI.

"The old statement is repeated that the Yueeh Chi, or Indo-Scyths (i.e.
the Eptals), 'are said to have been of Tibetan origin.' A long account of
this people was given in the _Asiatic Quart. Rev._ for July, 1902. It
seems much more likely that they were a branch of the Hiung-nu or Turks.
Albiruni's 'report' that they were of Tibetan origin is probably founded
on the Chinese statement that some of their ways were like Tibetan ways,
and that polyandry existed amongst them; also that they fled from the
Hiung-nu westwards along the _north edge_ of the Tibetan territory, and
some of them took service as Tibetan officials." (E.H. PARKER, _Asiatic
Quart. Rev._, Jan., 1904, p. 143.)

XXXII., pp. 178-179.

BOLOR.

We read in the _Tarikh-i-Rashidi_ of Mirza Haidar (Notes by Ney Elias;
translated by E.D. Ross, 1895), p. 135, that Sultan Said Khan, son of
Mansur Khan,