aster_, kind as just,
Knowing our frame, remembers we are dust."--_Barbauld_.

OBSERVATIONS ON RULE III.

OBS. 1--_Apposition_ is that peculiar relation which one noun or pronoun
bears to an other, when two or more are placed together in the same case,
and used to designate the same person or thing: as, "_Cicero_ the
_orator_;"--"The _prophet Joel_;"--"_He_ of Gath, _Goliah_;"--"Which _ye
yourselves_ do know;"--"To make _him king_;"--"To give his _life_ a
_ransom_ for many;"--"I made the _ground_ my _bed_;"--"_I_, thy
_schoolmaster_;"--"_We_ the _People_ of the United States." This
placing-together of nouns and pronouns in the same case, was reckoned by
the old grammarians a _figure of syntax_; and from them it received, in
their elaborate detail of the grammatical and rhetorical figures, its
present name of _apposition_. They reckoned it a species of _ellipsis_, and
supplied between the words, the participle _being_, the infinitive _to be_,
or some other part of their "_substantive verb_:" as, "Cicero _being_ the
orator;"--"To make him _to be_ king;"--"I _who am_ thy schoolmaster." But
the later Latin grammarians have usually placed it among their regular
concords; some calling it the first concord, while others make it the last,
in the series; and some, with no great regard to consistency, treating it
both as a figure and as a regular concord, at the same time.

OBS. 2.--Some English grammarians teach, "that the words in the cases
preceding and following the verb _to be_, may be said to be _in apposition_
to each other."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 181; _R. C. Smith's_, 155;
_Fisk's_, 126; _Ingersoll's_, 146; _Merchant's_, 91. But this is entirely
repugnant to the doctrine, that apposition is a _figure_; nor is it at all
consistent with the original meaning of the word _apposition_; because it
assumes that the literal reading, when the supposed ellipsis is supplied,
is _apposition_ still. The old distinction, however, between apposition and
same cases, is _generally_ preserved in our grammars, and is worthy ever to
be so. The rule for _same cases_ applies to all nouns or pronouns that are
put after verbs or participles not transitive, and that are made to agree
in case with other nouns or pronouns going before, and meaning the same
thing. But some teachers who observe this distinction with reference to the
neuter verb _be_, and to certain passive verbs of _naming, appointing_, and
the like, absurdly break it dow