Oriental clergy who should publicly
submit to the Apostolic See to enjoy the _privilegium clericale_, whilst
in the absence of bishops those among the missionaries who were priests
might consecrate cemeteries, altars, palls, etc., admit to the Order of
Acolytes, but nothing beyond. (See _Mosheim, Hist. Tartar. Eccles._ App.
Nos. 23 and 42.)

NOTE 3.--The statement here about Bundukdar's invasion of Cilician Armenia
is a difficulty. He had invaded it in 1266, and his second devastating
invasion, during which he burnt both Layas and Sis, the king's residence,
took place in 1275, a point on which Marino Sanuto is at one with the
Oriental Historians. Now we know from Rainaldus that Pope Gregory left
Acre in November or December, 1271, and the text appears to imply that our
travellers left Acre before him. The utmost corroboration that I can find
lies in the following facts stated by Makrizi:--

On the 13th Safar, A.H. 670 (20th September 1271), Bundukdar arrived
unexpectedly at Damascus, and after a brief raid against the Ismaelians he
returned to that city. In the middle of Rabi I. (about 20-25 October) the
Tartars made an incursion in northern Syria, and the troops of Aleppo
retired towards Hamah. There was great alarm at Damascus; the Sultan sent
orders to Cairo for reinforcements, and these arrived at Damascus on the
9th November. The Sultan then advanced on Aleppo, sending corps likewise
towards Marash (which was within the Armenian frontier) and Harran. At the
latter place the Tartars were attacked and those in the town slaughtered;
the rest retreated. The Sultan was back at Damascus, and off on a
different expedition, by 7th December. Hence, if the travellers arrived at
Ayas towards the latter part of November they would probably find alarm
existing at the advance of Bundukdar, though matters did not turn out so
serious as they imply.

"Babylon," of which Bundukdar is here styled Sultan, means Cairo, commonly
so styled (_Bambellonia d'Egitto_) in that age. Babylon of Egypt is
mentioned by Diodorus quoting Ctesias, by Strabo, and by Ptolemy; it was
the station of a Roman Legion in the days of Augustus, and still survives
in the name of _Babul_, close to old Cairo.

Malik Dahir Ruknuddin Bibars Bundukdari, a native of Kipchak, was
originally sold at Damascus for 800 dirhems (about 18_l._), and returned
by his purchaser because of a blemish. He was then bought by the Amir
Alauddin Aidekin _Bundukdar_ ("The Arblasteer