nged to the old palace of
Yenking. Some traces of Yenking still existed in Gaubil's time; the only
relic of it now pointed out is a pagoda outside of the Kwang-An-Man, or
western gate of the Outer City, marked in the War Office edition of the
Russian Map as "Tower." (Information from _Dr. Lockhart._)

The "Great Palaces" over the gates and at the corner bastions are no doubt
well illustrated by the buildings which still occupy those positions.
There are two such lofty buildings at each of the gates of the modern
city, the outer one (shown on p. 376) forming an elevated redoubt.

NOTE 5.--The French writer cited under note 3 says of the city as it
stands: "La ville est de la sorte coupee en echiquier a peu pres regulier
dont les quadres circonscrits par des larges avenues sont perces eux-memes
d'une multitude de rues et ruelles ... qui toutes a peu pres sont
orientees N. et S., E. et O. Une seule volonte a evidemment preside a ce
plan, et jamais edilite n'a eu a executer d'un seul coup aussi vaste
entreprise."

NOTE 6.--Martini speaks of the public clock-towers in the Chinese cities,
which in his time were furnished with water-clocks. A watchman struck the
hour on a great gong, at the same time exhibiting the hour in large
characters. The same person watched for fires, and summoned the public
with his gong to aid in extinguishing them.

[The Rev. G. B. Farthing mentions (_North-China Herald_, 7th September,
1884) at T'ai-yuen fu the remains of an object in the bell-tower, which
was, and is still known, as one of the eight wonders of this city; it is a
vessel of brass, a part of a water-clock from which water formerly used to
flow down upon a drum beneath and mark off time into equal divisions.--H.
C.]

The tower indicated by Marco appears still to exist. It occupies the place
which I have marked as Alarm Tower in the plan of Taidu. It was erected in
1272, but probably rebuilt on the Ming occupation of the city. ["The _Yuen
yi t'ung chi_, or 'Geography of the Mongol Empire' records: 'In the year
1272, the bell-tower and the drum-tower were built in the _middle_ of the
capital.' A bell-tower (_chung-lou_) and a drum-tower (_ku-lou_) exist
still in Peking, in the northern part of the Tartar City. The _ku-lou_ is
the same as that built in the thirteenth century, but the bell-tower dates
only from the last century. The bell-tower of the Yuen was a little to the
east of the drum-tower, where now the temple _Wan-ning sse_ s