cents to one dollar per bushel. Uses
common farm help at sixty cents to eighty cents per day.

* * * * *

N. SANFORD, Oswego, Labette county: I have lived in Kansas twenty-seven
years. Have an apple orchard of 150 trees, twenty-four years old, ten
inches in diameter. For all purposes I prefer Red June, Jonathan,
Grimes's Golden Pippin, Rome Beauty, and Winesap. Have tried and
discarded Ben Davis, White Winter Pearmain, Red Winter Pearmain, and
Missouri Pippin; they don't do well here. I prefer clay bottom land with
north aspect. I prefer well-grown two-year-old trees, set a little
deeper than nurserymen recommend. I cultivate my orchard to corn or
potatoes four years, using a five-tooth cultivator, and cease cropping
after six years. I plant nothing but raspberries and blackberries in a
bearing orchard. Windbreaks are not essential. For rabbits I wrap the
young trees with cloth. I prune the tree while young to give shape and
get rid of dead branches; I think it pays. I do not thin my apples while
on the trees; it does not pay. I fertilize my orchard with stable litter
and ashes; would advise their use on all soils. I pasture my orchard in
early spring and during the fall and winter with horses and cattle;
think it advisable, and that it pays. My trees are troubled with
canker-worm, bud moth, root aphis, and twig-borer, and my apples with
codling-moth, curculio, and gouger. I spray with a force-pump; use Paris
green, London purple and Bordeaux mixture for canker-worms and all other
pests. I pick my apples from ladders with care; sort into two
classes--first, all large and sound; second, small and sound; pack them
in eleven-peck barrels as we pick them; fill the barrels full with a
little pressure; mark with variety and grade. I wholesale, retail and
peddle my apples; I evaporate the second and third grades and culls. My
best market is Colorado; I have tried distant markets and found they
paid. I dry apples with a home-made drier, which is quite satisfactory;
after they are dry we pack in fifty-pound boxes, but do not find a ready
market; they pay some years if the quality is good. Am successful in
storing apples in barrels in a stone cellar, and find Winesaps keep
best. I have to repack stored apples, losing about one-sixth or
one-eighth of them. Do not irrigate. Prices have been from fifty cents
to one dollar per bushel; dried apples from five to nine cents, if
fancy. I employ women at fi