is
and Missouri Pippin are the best varieties for all purposes. Discarded
the Bellflower because it would not bear. I prefer bottom land with a
north aspect, black soil, and clay subsoil. Plant good one-year-old
trees, 33x20 feet. Cultivate with plow and "gopher." I grow corn and
castor-beans in the orchard as long as it will pay. Believe windbreaks
are necessary, made of anything that will check the wind; would plant
trees on the south and west. Keep rabbits off by wrapping. I prune
enough to keep in shape. I believe it pays to pasture the orchard with
hogs in the winter, and think they get away with canker-worms. I spray
for canker-worm and codling-moth with London purple, and think I have
checked the codling-moth to some extent. I pick and sort by hand in two
classes only--marketable and culls. I wholesale in bulk, make cider of
the culls, and find my best market in Texas. I never dry any; never
store any for winter; have never irrigated. Average price about forty
cents per bushel.

* * * * *

J. T. COCHRAN, Ottumwa, Lyon county: Have lived in Kansas thirteen
years; my orchard is in Coffey county, and contains 800 trees; 100 have
been planted thirty-five years, and 700 twelve years. I market Winesap,
Ben Davis, and Missouri Pippin, and add to this for family use Jonathan
and some early apples. I prefer ashy bottom land. I would plant trees in
good condition thirty by thirty-five feet. Cultivate in corn about eight
years, then sow to clover. I believe that a windbreak of hedge or
forest-trees should be planted on the southwest, in rows four feet
apart. I prune in fall and winter with a saw, and my experience is that
it makes better fruit. I have never thinned on the tree. Barn-yard
litter scattered through the orchard improves the land. I pasture with
hogs early in spring and late in fall; they eat the refuse apples. Am
troubled with canker-worm, web-worm, and codling-moth. I spray with
London purple and air-slaked lime just as soon as I see the insect, or
as soon as the trees are in bloom. I think I have reduced the
codling-moth. I pick in a sack tied and hung on the shoulder, using a
ladder against the tree. I sort into two classes: No. 1, clear of rot;
No. 2, clear of bruises. Pack in eleven-peck barrels, full and pressed.
I wholesale mostly; suits me best to sell in orchard. The culls and
seconds I sell at home. My best market is Fort Worth, Texas. Freight is
too high to send farth