ation: FIG. 15. _a_, Beetle, natural size; _b_, beetle,
magnified; _c_, side and back view of same, magnified.]

[Illustration: FIG. 16. _a_, Pupa stage; _b_, larva, or worm. Hair-lines
to the left of pupa show natural size.]

This insect, fig. 15, is usually of a uniform rusty brown color. Four
humps or tubercles are easily seen, two on each wing cover near the
rear. The snout varies from half to the full length of the insect. With
this snout it drills round holes into the apple; these holes are made
for food, and are about one-tenth of an inch deep, widened out below
like a gourd. The female deposits an egg in such hole, which soon
hatches into a tiny worm that usually burrows to the core, and produces
a reddish excrement. In a month, when fully grown, the worm is soft and
white, without feet, wrinkled, and curved crosswise, as in _b_, fig. 16;
too humped and crooked to crawl about out of the apple, it stays in and
changes to pupa, as in _a_, fig. 16, leaving the apple as a perfect
beetle after two or three weeks. It passes the winter in the adult state
and begins laying eggs about June 1, continuing until late in August.
President Wellhouse says he has surely reduced them by spraying.

LEAF-CRUMPLER, or LEAF-ROLLER.

[Illustration: FIG. 17. FIG. 18.
Here _a_ represents worm case; _b_, case attached to a limb; _c_, head
and first segments; _d_, perfect moth. All are magnified; the hair-lines
just under the moth, _d_, represent the natural size.]

The parent of this is a small grayish moth, _d_, fig. 17, which emerges
from the unsightly mass of dry leaves, as in _b_, fig. 18, formed the
previous season by the insect, and may be seen, gathered, and burned,
during the winter. The female immediately begins laying eggs upon the
leaves of the tree. During the fore part of June small, brownish worms
appear, which at once construct tubular silken cases, in which they
hide. They leave these cases, generally at night, to feed. As they grow
they attach webs to the partly eaten leaves and gather them about
themselves, so that finally the irregular mass of leaves completely
hides the tubular case. In the spring, as the buds swell and the leaves
appear, they come out and do great damage. They grow until in May, when
they close up the opening to the case, and in two weeks the moth
emerges, as above.

_Remedies._ There are two parasites that prey upon them. Collect the
cases and tufts of leaves during the winter and bur