n them. The spray
recommended for canker-worm is successful in destroying them.

TWIG-GIRDLER, TWIG-PRUNER, and TWIG-BORER.

Sometimes trouble orchards, but in Kansas they are not bad. Their habits
are indicated by their names, and it is scarcely necessary to describe
them in this work. Numerous bulletins are issued free, describing them
and their habits. See fig. 19.

[Illustration: FIG. 19. Twig-girdler at work.]

ROOT-LOUSE, or WOOLLY APHIS.

The young are hatched from a minute egg laid in crevices of the bark,
near the ground, and are covered with white down. The grown female
measures about one-tenth of an inch in length, oval in shape, with black
head and feet, dusty legs and antennae. They attach themselves to the
branches and trunk with their long beaks, sucking the vitality from the
tree, which they will kill if in large numbers. During the summer the
females are wingless, but at autumn both sexes have wings, and it is in
this condition that they spread rapidly. They are produced alive at this
time of the year with wonderful rapidity. Where plentiful the trunk and
branches have a moldy appearance. "Lady-birds" and their larvae, the
larvae of lace-winged flies and syrphus-flies, the small chalcid fly and
spiders devour them. No birds are known to feed upon them.

_Remedy._ Plenty of lye wash, even soap-suds or soap wash is good.
Kerosene emulsion is good. The insect above described is only one form,
viz., woolly aphis. The other form, as root-louse, is described below.
To the public they are two distinct insects.

ROOT-LOUSE.

They work underground, puncturing the root to draw its nourishing juice,
causing the root tissue to expand into knots and irregularities, _a_,
fig. 20, thus making the roots unhealthy and very brittle. These insects
are often found in myriads, looking like bluish-white wool, on the
roots. Certain beetles, maggots and flies prey upon them, but to only a
small extent.

[Illustration: FIG. 20. Root-louse.]

_Remedy._ Scalding water, at 150 degrees, poured on the uncovered roots.
If some concentrated lye is added it is still better. Filling above the
roots with tobacco dust is recommended. Soap-suds and wood ashes are
beneficial. Young trees from the nursery, if infested, should have the
roots well trimmed (burn the trimmings) and then dipped in lye. If quite
hot it is still better.

FRINGED-WING APPLE-BUD MOTH.

[Illustration: FIG. 21.]

[Illustration: FIG. 22.]

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