moval of less earth, and are more
readily handled and planted. There is no reason why an apple tree three
inches in diameter cannot be transplanted as easily as an elm or maple.
A man is willing to set a few large shade-trees at a cost of one dollar
to five dollars per tree, but cannot feel that it is economy to set
orchard trees at as great individual expense.

"Whole-root grafts" is a misleading appellation, as it will be found to
be only a crown graft. Its advocates make great claims that are at
variance with the facts. There can scarcely be such a thing unless
grafted on a seedling without removal of such seedling from the earth.
Our best nurserymen prefer the second cut, about one and one-half to
three inches taken from the seedling root a couple of inches below the
crown. In any case the piece of root taken has little influence on the
future tree. All our ordinary varieties make roots from the scion, and
the original seedling root may be found--like the piece of potato we
plant--shriveled and useless in the midst of the new roots. The nature
of the root growth shows this plainly, as all its peculiarities will be
found to be a counterpart of the roots of the variety from which the
scion was cut. It is folly to pay any added price for so-called
"whole-root grafts."

A very great majority believe in thorough cultivation, at least for from
six to ten years; some during the life of the tree. Nearly all agree
that Indian corn is the best crop to grow in a young orchard; it shades
the ground, and protects from wind. The corn in a young orchard should
not be cut in the fall, neither should the stalks be pastured; let them
stand till spring as a partial protection; it pays.

Many parts of the state, especially the western half, believe windbreaks
on the south and west very valuable, if not quite necessary.
Forest-trees with the outside row or rows of Russian mulberries, and
perhaps an Osage orange hedge, seem to meet the general opinion.

As a protection from rabbits, the ever-present corn-stalks seem most
economical, and the favorite. The cost is little, and the boys and
girls, or the farmer and his wife, at odd times can put them on. It is
an open question as to the benefit or harm of leaving them on
permanently for the first five years. It looks slovenly, but certainly
has many arguments in its favor.

The serio-comic idea of boring into an apple tree and placing therein
sulphur, asafetida or other drugs does not r