the hard wood; attaining their
growth by fall, they burrow outward to the under side of the bark, and
there remain until spring, changing to adults. See _b_, fig. 13. They
then gnaw through the bark, and emerge about June 1 to propagate their
species.

_Remedies._ Same as for flat-headed borer.

[Illustration: FIG. 12. Adult Round-headed Borer, greatly enlarged.]

[Illustration: FIG. 13. Larva and pupa of the Round-headed Borer.]

[Illustration: FIG. 14. _a_, Incision in which egg is deposited; _b_,
same, the wood has been split along line _a_; _e_, showing egg in place;
_c_, showing how egg is inserted under bark; _d_, egg greatly magnified;
_e_, hole through which adult emerged; _f_, channel of larva; _g_,
insect in pupal state just before issuing as an adult.]

TREE WASHES FOR BORERS.

Observations by members of the Kansas State Horticultural Society.

A. Chandler: I used a tree wash last year on apple trees for borers and
insects. I have been troubled in my timber (recently cleared) land with
borers, and if I had not taken this precaution they would have been
worse. It is known as the "Carnahan tree wash." Obtaining it ready
prepared in a can, I applied it in June with a whitewash brush to the
tree trunks and a portion of the limbs, and found it very beneficial.
While it will not _destroy_ the borer, I think it will prevent the borer
beetle from depositing eggs on the outside. From the healthy appearance
of the tree and the smooth appearance of the bark, I think it equals
anything I ever tried. It is also good for the prevention of other
insects, as tree-crickets, etc., and I think it will destroy the
curculio to some extent, and will prevent insects climbing the trees. My
trees never looked more thrifty. I cannot say it will prevent root-rot.

F. Holsinger: I would like to inquire whether your ground was thoroughly
cultivated?

A. Chandler: All the cultivation I could give would not prevent borers.
I applied the wash from the ground up, as far as I could reach. It costs
about two cents per tree from four to six years old, and I do not know
but what that might be reduced. This wash is obtained in gallon and
half-gallon cans. It should be applied about twice a year--spring and
fall--costing about four cents per year for each tree.

T. A. Stanley: Would not a strong lime wash do as well.

A. Chandler: No; I have no success with it. If the borer is in the tree,
you must dig him out with a knife. By e