rs, and plant nothing in a bearing orchard. Windbreaks are essential;
would make them of peach trees planted close together. I have pruned to
shape trees, but do not prune at all now. I do not thin the fruit while
on the trees. I fertilize my orchard with stable litter; I think it
beneficial, and would advise its use on all soils. I do not pasture my
orchard. My trees are troubled with tent-caterpillar, and my apples with
curculio.

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A. B. MANN, Toronto, Woodson county: I have lived in Kansas twenty-eight
years. Have an apple orchard of fifty trees, twenty years old, twelve
inches in diameter. For all purposes I prefer Ben Davis, Winesap,
Jonathan, and Missouri Pippin. My trees are planted on a hilltop, with
north slope, having a black limestone soil. I prefer two-year-old trees,
set in rows twenty feet apart. I cultivate my orchard to sweet corn
until four years old, using a plow and harrow, then cease cropping; put
clover in a bearing orchard. We make windbreaks of Osage orange on the
north side of the orchard. For rabbits I use lath, and dig borers out. I
prune with a chisel and mallet; think it pays. I do not thin the fruit
while on the trees. I do not mix my trees when planting. I fertilize my
orchard between the rows with stable litter; would not advise its use on
all soils. I have pastured my orchard with hogs, but do not think it
advisable, as it does not pay. My trees are troubled with
tent-caterpillar and flathead borer, and my apples with codling-moth. I
do not spray; my neighbors do, without success. I hand-pick my apples.

* * * * *

D. W. COZAD, La Cygne, Linn county: I have resided in the state
twenty-five years. For market I prefer Ben Davis, Jonathan, Willow Twig,
and Missouri Pippin, and for family orchard, Early Harvest, Maiden's
Blush, Winesap, Rawle's Janet, and Huntsman's Favorite. Have tried and
discarded Lawver, Yellow Bellflower, Gilpin, and Cooper's Early White,
on account of shy bearing, poor quality, and small size. I would choose
hill for some and valley land for others, according to variety planted;
would prefer southeast aspect with limestone soil and porous subsoil. I
prefer one-year-old trees. I cultivate my orchard to corn and potatoes,
using a surface cultivator and harrow; cease cropping at bearing age and
sow to clover. Windbreaks are essential. I would make them of double
rows of evergreens on the north and w