of Robespierre, whose resentment he had
averted by timely flatteries, he played an important part in the second
Committee of Public Safety--after the 17th of July 1793--and voted for the
death of the Girondists. He was thoroughly unscrupulous, stopping at
nothing to maintain the supremacy of the Mountain, and rendered it great
service by his rapid work, by the telling phases of his oratory, and by his
clear expositions of the problems of the day. On the 9th Thermidor (July
27th, 1794) Barere hesitated, then he drew up the report outlawing
Robespierre. In spite of this, in Germinal of the year III. (the 21st of
March to the 4th of April 1795), the Thermidorians decreed the accusation
of Barere and his colleagues of the Terror, Collot d'Herbois and
Billaud-Varenne, and he was sent to the Isle of Oleron. He was removed to
Saintes, and thence escaped to Bordeaux, where he lived in concealment for
several years. In 1795 he was elected member of the Council of Five
Hundred, but was not allowed to take his seat. Later he was used as a
secret agent by Napoleon I., for whom he carried on a diplomatic
correspondence. On the fall of Napoleon, Barere played the part of
royalist, but on the final restoration of the Bourbons in 1815 he was
banished for life from France as a regicide, and then withdrew to Brussels
and temporary oblivion. After the revolution of July 1830 he reappeared in
France, was reduced by a series of lawsuits to extreme indigence, accepted
a small pension assigned him by Louis Philippe (on whom he had heaped abuse
and railing), and died, the last survivor of the Committee of Public
Safety, on the 13th of January 1841. (See also FRENCH REVOLUTION.)

The _Memoires de B. Barere ... publies par MM. H. Carnot ... et David
(d'Angers) ... precedes d'une notice historique_ (Paris, 1824-1844) are
false, but contain valuable information; Carnot's _Notice_, which is very
good, was published separately in 1842. See F. A. Aulard, _Les Orateurs de
la Constituante_ (Paris, 1882); _Les Orateurs de la Convention_ (2nd ed.,
Paris, 1905). Macaulay's essay on Barere, (_Edinburgh Review_, vol. 79) is
eloquent, but incorrect.

BARETTI, GIUSEPPE MARC' ANTONIO (1719-1789), Italian critic, was born at
Turin in 1719. He was intended by his father for the profession of law, but
at the age of sixteen fled from Turin and went to Guastalla, where he was
for some time employed in a mercantile house. His leisure hours he devoted
to literature a