method of boring out this hole is shown at
Fig. 85, which gives the correct position of the worker.

[Illustration: Fig. 85.--Vertical Boring previous to Chiselling.]

SAWING.--The wood should be put in the vice as Fig. 86. Taking up a saw,
with the index finger on the side of the handle, commence sawing, and
proceed until you come to the position indicated by the dotted hand and
saw A; this will leave a saw kerf or cut running diagonally from the
shoulder line to corner of the wood. Release the vice and refix the wood
so that it leans in exactly the opposite direction to Fig. 86; then
reverse your own position and repeat the sawing, so as to cut another
diagonal saw cut from the shoulder line to the corner. Fix the wood
upright, as shown at Fig. 87, and saw as shown, when you will find that
the saw has no tendency to run out of the guide cuts already formed by
the method used at Fig. 86. Remember, when commencing to saw at Fig. 86,
that it is necessary to saw inside the gauge line; otherwise the joint
will be too slack, owing to the amount of sawdust removed by the
thickness of the saw blade. The index finger on the side of the saw,
pointing in the direction of the saw cut, will greatly help the worker
to saw in a straight line, as it is natural to point with this finger to
any object that is to be aimed at.

[Illustration: Fig. 86.--How the Saw is held for the first Cut.]

Cut down the other line in a similar manner, and then with a chisel of
suitable width carefully chop away the waste material. The wood may be
placed edge way upon the bench, or in the vice, and the chisel should be
held vertically. The hole which has been bored with the twist bit will
allow the chips which are cut away to offer little or no resistance to
the chisel blade. The chiselling should not all be done from one side, or
a chipped under-edge will be the result; it is better to chisel the work
until half-way through and then turn the other edge of the wood uppermost
and again begin to chisel from the top. This method will finish the
cutting in the centre of the work and prevent burred and ragged or
chipped edges at the shoulder.

[Illustration: Fig. 87.--Third, or Horizontal Cut.]

[Illustration: Fig. 88.--Chiselling Operation.]

CUTTING THE SHOULDERS.--With regard to working the piece B, Fig. 81,
place the wood against the bench stop or in the vice, and taking up a
3/4-in. chisel carefully cut away a small channel, as shown at Fig. 88;