fore be slightly narrower than shown, owing to the groove at each
edge.

A HAUNCHED BAREFACED TENON, used in similar positions to Fig. 131, is
shown at Fig. 135. The door or frame in this case would be made of
matchboarding nailed on the back as shown in the plan at Fig. 127.

WEDGES.--Fig. 136 shows the method of cutting wedges which are to be used
to wedge the tenons; this avoids waste of material. Some workers cut the
wedges from the pieces left out of the haunching of the lock rail, or
the bottom rail.

[Illustration: Fig. 136.--Cutting Wedges from Waste of Haunching.]

[Illustration: Fig. 137.--Stile and Cross Rail with Horn.]

A STILE AND CROSS RAIL, framed together, are shown at Fig. 137. The
portion above the rail is called the horn, and it is usual to leave
sufficient length of stile to project above and below the cross rails, so
that there will be no tendency for the stile to burst out at the end
whilst the cramping and wedging of the frame is in progress. On
completing the framing the horn is cut away.

In Fig. 138 we have a type of joint frequently used for garden gates. The
illustration shows the method of tenoning the three pieces to the top
rail, barefaced tenons being employed.

[Illustration: Fig. 138.--Joint used for Garden Gates.]

[Illustration: Fig. 139.--Sprocket Wheel.]

[Illustration: Fig. 140.--Boring Tool.]

SPROCKET WHEEL.--At Fig. 139 are shown the guide bar and chain of a
chain-mortising machine, two enlarged links of the chain being indicated
at A. The chain is similar in construction to the driving chain of a
bicycle, with the exception that it is provided with teeth which cut away
the timber as the chain revolves. When using a chain mortiser the
portion of the machine carrying the chain is fed downwards into the
timber, thus cutting a clean and true mortise. If, however, a stump
mortise is required it is necessary to pare away a certain amount of
timber by hand, because the machine obviously leaves a semicircular
bottom to the mortise. To overcome this difficulty the latest types of
mortising machines have a square hole-boring attachment fixed alongside
the chain. This tool, the working portion of which is illustrated in Fig.
140, consists of a square hollow chisel (E), which is sharpened from the
inside, and a revolving twist bit (D) fitted with spurs or nickers, but
without a point (one spur can be seen at the bottom of the illustration).
This bit revolves inside the shell li