tting of the
mortising being finished in the centre. The lettering on Fig. 177 is as
follows:--HO, horn; M, position of mortise; H, position of haunching; A,
inside line, or sight size, as it is occasionally called.

Set out the cross rails as at Fig. 177, lower sketch. The lettering in
this figure is as follows:--T, tenons; the small piece of the tenon
lettered J is called the haunch, and the shaded portion H is cut away to
allow the haunch J to fit the haunching of the stile.

THE TENONS (as already stated) are generally one-third the thickness of
the timber, thus leaving the same amount of substance at each side of the
tenon as the tenon itself is composed of. The mortise gauge is set to the
required distance and used as in the case of the marking gauge (Fig.
82).

[Illustration: Fig. 180.--Second Operation in Sawing Tenons.]

[Illustration: Fig. 181.--Cutting Channel at Shoulder of Tenon before
Sawing.]

To saw the tenons, place the rail in the vice as at Fig. 179 and, with a
panel, tenon, or hand saw, according to the size of the work, cut down
the outside of the tenon line as shown. Reverse your position and cut as
shown at Fig. 180, then place the rail in a vertical position, and you
will find little or no difficulty in sawing down square with the shoulder
line. Repeat the above methods of sawing until all the tenons are sawn.

Next saw out the pieces at the side of the tenon by the following
procedure. Place the rail against the bench stop, or in the vice, and cut
a small channel in which to run your tenon saw as shown at Fig. 181. If
you have scored the line deeply with your knife when you were marking out
the work, you will have little difficulty in removing a small portion
with the chisel. The amount removed in the illustration is, of course,
exaggerated. In the small channel thus made place the tenon saw and,
guiding the saw blade with the finger so as to keep it upright or square
(Fig. 182), saw away the waste material. Remove the waste material at the
sides of the tenons in a similar way, and then saw out the portion marked
H, Fig. 177, lower sketch.

THE MORTISING of the stiles may next be taken in hand by putting the
stiles edgeways in the vice and boring away the bulk of the waste wood
from the mortise with a suitable-sized twist bit and brace. This method
will save a great amount of noise, as to a great extent it does away with
the use of the mallet. Take the mallet and chisel and chop down abou