rame which is indicated as
made up of a number of halving joints; it shows also the application of
the various joints to this class of work. Each joint used in the
construction of this frame may be dealt with separately. The numbers
marked on Fig. 28 refer to the individual joints, shown separately in
Figs. 29 to 38.

[Illustration: Fig. 29.--Halved Corner Joint.]

[Illustration: Fig. 30.--Halved T Joint.]

Fig. 29 shows the "Halved Joint" at the corner of the frame where the two
pieces form a right angle (see Fig. 28, 1). Each piece is halved and
shouldered at opposite sides, thus forming a perfect fit one with the
other and giving a strong joint with a minimum amount of labour. For
inside work the joint would be glued and screwed together, the screw
heads being countersunk so as not to come in contact with the cutting
iron of the plane when levelling off the work. For outside work, in
exposed positions where the work will have to withstand the weather, the
alternative method of smearing the joint with paint or with a mixture of
varnish and white lead would be advisable, the joint being nailed or
screwed. Fig. 29 shows the two pieces separated.

Fig. 30 shows a similar joint to the above, but in this case the top rail
runs through and it is generally spoken of as a "Halved T Joint" (Fig.
28, 2). It may be used in nearly all cases where a top or bottom rail
runs through an upright. The method of securing the joint is as before.
Fig. 30 shows a sketch of the joint separated.

[Illustration: Fig. 31.--Oblique Halving with Shoulder.]

[Illustration: Fig. 32.--Oblique Halving.]

At Fig. 31 is shown an "Oblique Halving Joint," where the oblique piece,
or strut, does not run through (Fig. 28, 3). This type of joint is used
for strengthening framings and shelf brackets; an example of the latter
is shown at Fig. 48. A strut or rail of this type prevents movement or
distortion to a frame diagonally (generally spoken of in the trade as
"racking"). Fig. 31 shows the joint apart.

Fig. 32 is an example of Oblique Halving with the upper piece running
through (Fig. 28, 4). This joint is used in similar positions to Fig.
31, and has in some cases the disadvantage of showing end grain at the
top of the frame. The sketch shows the two pieces separated.

Fig. 33 is "Dovetail Halving," the dovetail running through the top piece
(Fig. 28, 5). This is a strong joint, used where outside strain is likely
to occur in the top piece, t