which
reference is made in "Hudibras Redivivus" (1705):

"A goldsmith telling o'er his cash,
A pipping-monger selling trash."

In Taylor's "Workes"[468] (1630) we read:

"Lord, who would take him for a pippin squire,
That's so bedaub'd with lace and rich attire?"

[468] Quoted by Nares's "Glossary," vol. ii. p. 662.

Mr. Ellacombe[469] says the word "pippin" denoted an apple raised from
pips and not from grafts, and "is now, and probably was in Shakespeare's
time, confined to the bright-colored long-keeping apples of which the
golden pippin is the type." Justice Shallow, in "2 Henry IV." (v. 3),
says: "Nay, you shall see my orchard, where, in an arbour, we will eat a
last year's pippin of my own graffing."

[469] "Plant-Lore of Shakespeare," p. 16.

(_g_) The "pomewater" was a species of apple evidently of a juicy
nature, and hence of high esteem in Shakespeare's time; for in "Love's
Labour's Lost" (iv. 2) Holofernes says: "The deer was, as you know,
_sanguis_--in blood; ripe as the pomewater, who now hangeth like a jewel
in the ear of _coelo_--the sky, the welkin, the heaven; and anon falleth
like a crab on the face of _terra_--the soil, the land, the earth."

Parkinson[470] tells us the "pomewater" is an excellent, good, and great
whitish apple, full of sap or moisture, somewhat pleasant, sharp, but a
little bitter withal; it will not last long, the winter's frost soon
causing it to rot and perish.

[470] "Theatrum Botanicum," 1640.

It appears that apples and caraways were formerly always eaten together;
and it is said that they are still served up on particular days at
Trinity College, Cambridge. This practice is probably alluded to by
Justice Shallow, in the much-disputed passage in "2 Henry IV." (v. 3),
when he speaks of eating "a last year's pippin, ... with a dish of
carraways." The phrase, too, seems further explained by the following
quotations from Cogan's "Haven of Health" (1599). After stating the
virtues of the seed, and some of its uses, he says: "For the same
purpose _careway seeds_ are used to be made in comfits, and to be eaten
with apples, and surely very good for that purpose, for all such things
as breed wind would be eaten with other things that break wind." Again,
in his chapter on Apples, he says: "Howbeit wee are wont to eat
carrawaies or biskets, or some other kind of comfits, or seeds together
with apples, thereby to breake winde ingendred by them, and s