notice of which we find in "King Lear" (iv. 6).

_Bruise._ A favorite remedy in days past for bruises was parmaceti, a
corruption of spermaceti, in allusion to which Hotspur, in "1 Henry IV."
(i. 3), speaks of it as "the sovereign'st thing on earth for an inward
bruise." So, too, in Sir T. Overbury's "Characters," 1616 ["An Ordinarie
Fencer"]: "His wounds are seldom skin-deepe; for an _inward bruise_,
lambstones and sweetbreads are his only spermaceti." A well-known plant
called the "Shepherd's Purse" has been popularly nicknamed the "Poor
Man's Parmacetti," being a joke on the Latin word _bursa_, a purse,
which, to a poor man, is always the best remedy for his bruises.[596] In
"Romeo and Juliet" (i. 2), a plantain-leaf is pronounced to be an
excellent cure "for your broken shin." Plantain-water was a remedy in
common use with the old surgeons.[597]

[596] Dr. Prior's "Popular Names of British Plants," 1870, p. 185.

[597] "The Medical Knowledge of Shakespeare," 1860, p. 78.

_Bubukle._ According to Johnson, this denoted "a red pimple." Nares
says it is "a corrupt word for a carbuncle, or something like;" and Mr.
Halliwell-Phillipps, in his "Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial
Words," defines it as a botch or imposthume. It occurs in "Henry V."
(iii. 6), where Fluellen describes Bardolph's face as "all bubukles."

_Burn._ The notion of one heat driving out another gave rise to the
old-fashioned custom of placing a burned part near the fire to drive out
the fire--a practice, says Dr. Bucknill,[598] certainly not without
benefit, acting on the same principle as the application of turpentine
and other stimulants to recent burns. This was one of the many instances
of the ancient homoeopathic doctrine, that what hurts will also
cure.[599] Thus, in "King John" (iii. 1), Pandulph speaks of it:

"And falsehood falsehood cures; as fire cools fire
Within the scorched veins of one new burn'd."

[598] "The Medical Knowledge of Shakespeare," 1860, p. 65.

[599] See Tylor's "Primitive Culture," vol. i. p. 761.

Again, in the "Two Gentlemen of Verona" (ii. 4), Proteus tells how:

"Even as one heat another heat expels,
Or as one nail by strength drives out another,
So the remembrance of my former love
Is by a newer object quite forgotten."

We may also compare the words of Mowbray in "Richard II." (i. 1), where
a similar idea is contained:

"I am disgrac'd, impeach'd, and baffle