scribed by H. von Siebold in a work
accompanied by photographic illustrations. In general the implements
of the Japanese stone folk have a resemblance to the stone tools
still in use among the Eskimo, and even in this fruitful land the
primitive race, as the bone remains in the kitchen-middens show,
lived at first mainly by hunting and fishing.

[Footnote 372: The Dutch had permission in former times to send some
vessels annually to Nagasaki. By Perry's treaty, signed on the 31st
March, 1854, Shimoda and Hakodate were opened to the Americans.
Finally, by new treaties with the United States and various European
powers, the harbours Kanagava (Yokohama), Nagasaki, Hakodate,
Niigata, Hiogo, and Osaka, were assigned for commerce with
foreigners. ]

[Footnote 373: At first it strikes a European as if all the Japanese
had about the same appearance, but when one has got accustomed to
the colour of the skin and the traits of the race, the features of
the Japanese appear as various in form and expression as those of
Europeans. ]

[Footnote 374: At the close of the twelfth century this now
inconsiderable town was the residence of Joritomo, the founder of
the Shogun power, and the arranger of the Japanese feudal system. ]

[Footnote 375: Five _yen_ are about equal to 1 pound sterling. ]

[Footnote 376: The Japanese pipes are now so small that no serious
results from this disadvantage are to be dreaded. In former times
the pipes used were long and probably heavy. The Dyaks of Borneo
still use pipes so heavy that they may be used as weapons. ]

[Footnote 377: The work bears the title _Tai-sei-hon-zo-mei-so_
(short list of European plant-names), by Ito-Keske, 1829, 3 vols. ]

[Footnote 378: Carl Peter Thunberg, born at Joenkoeping in 1743, famed
for his travels in South Africa, Japan, &c., and for a number of
important scientific works, finally Professor at Upsala, died in
1828. Engelbert Kaempfer, born in Westphalia in 1651, was secretary
of the embassy that started from Sweden to Persia in 1683. Kaempfer,
however, did not return with the embassy, but continued his travels
in the southern and eastern parts of Asia, among them, even to
Japan, which he visited in 1690-92, he died in 1716. Kaempfer's and
Thunberg's works, together with the great work of von Siebold, who
erected the monument to them, form the most important sources of the
knowledge of the Japan that once was. ]

CHAPTER XVII.

Excursion to Asamaya