Vienna in 1815. In 1847,
on the death of Marie Louise, widow of Napoleon, who had received Parma
and Piacenza in accordance with the terms of the treaty of Paris of
1814, Charles Louis succeeded to the duchies as Charles II., at the same
time surrendering Lucca to Tuscany. In 1849 he abdicated in favour of
his son, Charles III., who married a daughter of the duke of Berry, and
was assassinated in 1854, being succeeded by his son Robert. In 1860 the
duchies were annexed by Victor Emmanuel to the new kingdom of Italy.

_Bastard Branches._--There are numerous bastard branches of the family
of Bourbon, the most famous being the Vendome branch, descended from
Caesar, natural son of Henry IV., and the Maine and Toulouse branches,
descended from the two natural sons of Louis XIV. and Madame de
Montespan.

See Coiffier de Moret, _Histoire du Bourbonnais et des Bourbons_ (2
vols., 1824); Berand, _Histoire des sires et ducs de Bourbon_ (1835);
Desormeaux, _Histoire de la maison de Bourbon_ (5 vols., 1782-1788);
Achaintre, _Histoire genealogique et chronologique de la maison royale
de Bourbon_ (2 vols., 1825-1826); and Dussieux, _Genealogie de la
maison de Bourbon_ (1872).

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Philip married a natural daughter of Louis XIV., and in this way
the later princes of Orleans are descended from the Grand Monarque.

[2] Henry contracted a morganatic marriage, and consequently his son
Henry, who died in 1894, was ruled out of the succession. This branch
of the family is now extinct.

[3] The branch of the family descended from the infante Gabriel is
still flourishing, its head being Francis, duke of Marchena.

[4] By a second marriage Robert has a large family, including six
sons--Sixtus, Xavier, Felix, Rene, Louis and Gaetan.

BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1490-1527), constable of France, second son
of Gilbert, count of Montpensier and dauphin of Auvergne, was born on
the 17th of February 1490, his mother being a Gonzaga. In 1505 he
married Suzanne, heiress of Peter II., duke of Bourbon, by Anne of
France, daughter of King Louis XI., and assumed the title of duke of
Bourbon. The addition of this duchy to the numerous duchies, countships
and other fiefs which he had inherited on the death of his elder brother
Louis in 1501, made him at the age of fifteen the wealthiest noble in
Europe. He gained his first military experience in the Italian campaigns
of Louis XII., taking pa