98-1866). No fewer than 350 writers responded to the appeal, and
Dumas published the result, as a volume, in 1865.

W.M. Rossetti, in the memoir of his brother prefixed to D.G. Rossetti's
_Collected Works_ (1886), mentions that, especially in 1848 and 1849, he
and Dante Gabriel Rossetti constantly practised their pens in writing
sonnets to _bouts-rimes_, each giving the other the rhymes for a sonnet,
and Dante Gabriel writing off these exercises in verse-making at the
rate of a sonnet in five or eight minutes. Most of W.M. Rossetti's poems
in _The Germ_ were _bouts-rimes_ experiments. Many of Dante Gabriel's, a
little touched up, remained in his brother's possession, but were not
included in the _Collected Works_. (E. G.)

BOUTWELL, GEORGE SEWALL (1818-1905), American statesman, was born in
Brookline, Massachusetts, on the 28th of January 1818. He was reared on
a farm, and at an early age began a mercantile career at Groton, Mass.
There he studied law and in 1836 was admitted to the bar, but did not
begin practice for many years. In 1842-1844 and again in 1847-1850 he
served in the state house of representatives, and became the recognized
leader on the Democratic side; he was thrice defeated for Congress, and
was twice an unsuccessful candidate for governor. In 1851, however, by
means of "Free-Soil" votes, he was chosen governor, and was re-elected
by the same coalition in 1852. In the following year he took an active
part in the state constitutional convention. He became a member of the
Massachusetts Board of Education in 1853, and as its secretary in
1855-1861 prepared valuable reports and rendered much service to the
state's school system. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill in 1854
had finally alienated him from the Democratic party, and he became one
of the founders of the new Republican party in the state. He played an
influential part in the Republican national convention in 1860, and in
1862 after the passage of the war tax measures he was appointed by
President Lincoln the first commissioner of internal revenue, which
department he organized. From 1863 to 1869 he was a representative in
Congress, taking an influential part in debate, and acting as one of the
managers of President Johnson's impeachment. From 1869 to 1873 he was
secretary of the treasury in President Grant's cabinet, and from 1873
until 1877 was a United States senator from Massachusetts. Under an
appointment by President Hayes, he