ader
is entitled to a second throw if he fail to roll a legal jack at his
first attempt; should he fail again, the right to throw passes to his
opponent, but not the right of playing first. On Scottish greens the
leader has only a single throw. A legal jack should not be interfered
with except by the course of play. Should the jack be driven towards
the side boundary, it is legitimate for a player to cause his bowl to
draw outside of the dividing string, provided that when it has ceased
running it shall have come to rest entirely within his own space. If
it stop on the string, or outside of it, the bowl is "dead" and must
be removed to the bank. A "toucher" bowl is a characteristic of the
Scottish game to which great exception is taken by many English clubs.
Should a bowl running jackwards touch the jack, however slightly, it
is called a toucher and must be marked by the skip with a chalk cross
as soon as it is at rest. Such a bowl is alive until the end is
finished wherever it may lie, within the limits of the space. Even if
it run into the ditch or be driven in by another bowl, it will yet
count as alive. A bowl, however, that is forced on to the jack by
another is not a toucher. The feat of hitting the jack is so common
that it really calls for no special reward. Difference of opinion
prevails as to the condition of the jack after it has been driven into
the ditch. According to Scottish rules, unless it has been forced
clean out of bounds, such a jack is still alive. On most English
greens it is a "dead" jack and the end void. Every bowler should learn
both forehand and backhand play. In forehand play the bowl as it
courses to the jack describes its segment of a circle on the right, in
backhand play on the left. In both styles the biased side must always
be the inner.

In the United Kingdom the regular bowling season extends from May day
till the end of September or the middle of October. At its close the
green must be carefully examined, weeds uprooted, worn patches
re-turfed, and the whole laid under a winter blanket of silver-sand.

On Scottish greens the game of points is frequently played, but it is
rarely seen on English greens. Its main object is to perfect the
proficiency of players in certain departments of bowls proper. There
are four sections in the game, namely, drawing, guarding, trailing and
driving. In _drawing_ (fig. 1), the obje