prepared the second edition of the
_United States Revised Statutes_ (1878). In 1880 he represented the
United States before the commission appointed in accordance with the
treaty of that year, between France and the United States, to decide the
claims brought by French citizens against the United States for acts of
the American authorities during the Civil War, and the claims of
American citizens against France for acts of French authorities during
the war between France and Mexico, the Franco-German War and the
Commune. He opposed the acquisition by the United States of the
Philippine Islands, became president of the Anti-Imperialistic League,
and was a presidential elector on the Bryan (Democratic) ticket in 1900.
He died at Groton, Massachusetts, on the 28th of February 1905. He
published various volumes, including _The Constitution of the United
States at the End of the First Century_ (1895), and _Reminiscences of
Sixty Years in Public Affairs_ (2 vols., New York, 1902).

BOUVARDIA, a genus of handsome evergreen greenhouse shrubs, belonging to
the natural order Rubiaceae, and a native of tropical America. The
flowers are in terminal generally many-flowered clusters; the corolla
has a large tube and a spreading four-rayed limb. The cultivated forms
include a number of hybrids. The plants are best increased by cuttings
taken off in April, and placed in a brisk heat in a propagating frame
with a close atmosphere. When rooted they should be potted singly into
3-in. pots in fibrous peat and loam, mixed with one-fourth leaf-mould
and a good sprinkling of sand, and kept in a temperature of 70 deg. by
night and 80 deg. during the day; shade when required; syringe overhead
in the afternoon and close the house with sun-heat. The plants should be
topped to ensure a bushy habit, and as they grow must be shifted into
6-in. or 7-in. pots. After midsummer move to a cool pit, where they may
remain till the middle of September, receiving plenty of air and space.
They should then be removed to a house, and some of the plants put at
once in a temperature of about 70 deg. at night, with a few degrees
higher in the daytime, to bring them into flower. Others are moved into
heat to supply flowers in succession through the winter and spring.

BOUVET, FRANCOIS JOSEPH (1753-1832), French admiral, son of a captain in
the service of the French East India Company, was born on the 23rd of
April 1753. He went to sea at the age of twel