battle of Lutzen in 1813 led Napoleon to
promote him general of brigade, and in 1814 his splendid defence of
Nogent (February 13) earned him the rank of general of division. At the
first Restoration Bourmont was naturally employed by the Bourbons, to
whose service he had devoted his life, but he rejoined Napoleon on his
return from Elba. On the eve of the campaign of 1815, and at the urgent
request of Count Gerard, he was given a divisional command in the army
of the north. On the first day of the Waterloo campaign Bourmont went
over to the enemy. It is not probable that he gave information of French
movements to the allies, but the best that can be said in exculpation of
his treachery is that his old friends and comrades, the royalists of
Anjou, were again in insurrection, and that he felt that he must lead
them. He made no attempt to defend his conduct, and acted as the accuser
of Marshal Ney. A year later he was given command of a division of the
royal guard; and in 1823 he held an important position in the army
which, under the command of the duc d'Angouleme, invaded Spain. He
commanded the whole army in Spain for a time in 1824, became minister of
war in 1829, and in 1830 was placed in command of the Algiers
expedition. The landing of the French and the capture of Algiers were
directed by him with complete success, and he was rewarded with the
_baton_ of marshal. But the revolution of 1830 put an end to his
command, and, refusing to take the oath to Louis Philippe, he was forced
to resign. In 1832 Marshal Bourmont took part in the rising of the
duchesse de Berri, and on its failure retired to Portugal. Here, as
always, on the side of absolutism, he commanded the army of Dom Miguel
during the civil war of 1833-1834, and after the victory of the
constitutional party he retired to Rome. At the amnesty of 1840 he
returned to France. He died at the chateau of Bourmont on the 27th of
October 1846.

Charles de Bourmont, a son of the marshal, wrote several pamphlets in
vindication of his father's career.

BOURNE, VINCENT (1695-1747), English classical scholar, familiarly known
as "Vinny" Bourne, was born at Westminster in 1695. In 1710 he became a
scholar at Westminster school, and in 1714 entered Trinity College,
Cambridge. He graduated in 1717, and obtained a fellowship three years
later. Of his afterlife exceedingly little is known. It is certain that
he passed the greater portion of it as usher in Westminst